Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Oct 9;12(39):9845-9862. doi: 10.1039/d4tb01149j.
High-throughput and label-free protein nanopore-based sensors are extensively used in DNA sequencing, single-protein analysis, molecular sensing and chemical catalysis with single channel recording. These technologies show great potential for identifying various harmful substances linked to public health by addressing the limitations of current portability and the speed of existing techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental principles of nanopore sensing, with a focus on chemical modification and genetic engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the detection sensitivity and identification accuracy of protein nanopores. The engineered protein nanopores enable direct sensing, while the introduction of aptamers and substrates enables indirect sensing, translating the physical structure and chemical properties of analytes into readable signals. These scientific discoveries and engineering efforts have provided new prospects for detecting and monitoring trace hazardous substances.
高通量、无标记的基于蛋白质纳米孔的传感器广泛应用于 DNA 测序、单蛋白分析、单通道记录的分子传感和化学催化。这些技术通过解决当前便携性和现有技术速度的限制，在识别与公众健康相关的各种有害物质方面显示出巨大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们提供了纳米孔传感的基本原理概述，重点介绍了旨在提高蛋白质纳米孔检测灵敏度和识别准确性的化学修饰和遗传工程策略。工程化的蛋白质纳米孔可以进行直接传感，而适体和底物的引入则可以进行间接传感，将分析物的物理结构和化学性质转化为可读信号。这些科学发现和工程努力为检测和监测痕量有害物质提供了新的前景。
