Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Sep 11;10:e54215. doi: 10.2196/54215.
BACKGROUND: Young men who have sex with men and young transgender women (YMSM-YTW) use online spaces to meet sexual partners with increasing regularity, and research shows that experiences of racism online mimics the real world. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed differences by race and ethnicity in web-based and mobile apps used to meet sexual partners as reported by Chicago-based YMSM-YTW in 2016-2017. METHODS: A racially and ethnically diverse sample of 643 YMSM-YTW aged 16-29 years were asked to name websites or mobile apps used to seek a sexual partner in the prior 6 months, as well as provide information about sexual partnerships from the same period. We used logistic regression to assess the adjusted association of race and ethnicity with (1) use of any website or mobile apps to find a sexual partner, (2) use of a "social network" to find a sexual partner compared to websites or mobile apps predominantly used for dating or hookups, (3) use of specific websites or mobile apps, and (4) reporting successfully meeting a sexual partner online among website or mobile app users. RESULTS: While most YMSM-YTW (454/643, 70.6%) used websites or mobile apps to find sexual partners, we found that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW were significantly less likely to report doing so (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.10-2.76). Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW were more likely to have used a social network site to find a sexual partner (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: aOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.37), though this was only reported by one-third (149/454, 32.8%) of all app-using participants. Individual apps used varied by race and ethnicity, with Grindr, Tinder, and Scruff being more common among White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (93/123, 75.6%; 72/123, 58.5%; and 30/123, 24.4%, respectively) than among Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (65/178, 36.5%; 25/178, 14%; and 4/178, 2.2%, respectively) and Jack'd and Facebook being more common among Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (105/178, 59% and 64/178, 36%, respectively) than among White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW (6/123, 4.9% and 8/123, 6.5%, respectively). Finally, we found that while half (230/454, 50.7%) of YMSM-YTW app users reported successfully meeting a new sexual partner on an app, Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW app users were less likely to have done so than White non-Hispanic app users (comparing White non-Hispanic to Black non-Hispanic: aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.50-4.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found that Black non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW engaged with websites or mobile apps and found sexual partners systematically differently than White non-Hispanic YMSM-YTW. Our findings give a deeper understanding of how racial and ethnic sexual mixing patterns arise and have implications for the spread of sexually transmitted infections among Chicago's YMSM-YTW.
背景：男男性行为者和年轻跨性别女性（YMSM-YTW）越来越频繁地使用在线空间来寻找性伴侣，研究表明，网络上的种族主义经历与现实世界相似。
目的：我们分析了 2016-2017 年芝加哥 YMSM-YTW 报告的网络和移动应用程序在种族和民族方面的差异，这些应用程序用于寻找性伴侣。
方法：对年龄在 16-29 岁之间的 643 名 YMSM-YTW 进行了一项种族和民族多样化的抽样调查，要求他们在过去 6 个月内说出用于寻找性伴侣的网站或移动应用程序，并提供同期性伴侣关系的信息。我们使用逻辑回归评估种族和民族与（1）使用任何网站或移动应用程序寻找性伴侣，（2）使用“社交网络”与主要用于约会或 hookup 的网站或移动应用程序相比寻找性伴侣，（3）使用特定网站或移动应用程序，以及（4）在网站或移动应用程序用户中报告成功在线上遇到性伴侣的调整后关联。
结果：虽然大多数 YMSM-YTW（454/643，70.6%）使用网站或移动应用程序寻找性伴侣，但我们发现黑人和非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 这样做的可能性明显较低（与白人和非西班牙裔相比，调整后的优势比[aOR]1.74，95%置信区间[CI]1.10-2.76）。黑人和非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 更有可能使用社交网络网站寻找性伴侣（与白人和非西班牙裔相比，aOR 0.20，95%CI 0.11-0.37），尽管只有三分之一（149/454，32.8%）的应用程序使用者报告了这一点。不同种族和民族使用的应用程序各不相同，其中 Grindr、Tinder 和 Scruff 在白人非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 中更为常见（93/123，75.6%；72/123，58.5%；和 30/123，24.4%），而在黑人非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 中则不常见（65/178，36.5%；25/178，14%；和 4/178，2.2%），而 Jack'd 和 Facebook 在黑人非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 中更为常见（105/178，59%和 64/178，36%），而在白人非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 中则不常见（6/123，4.9%和 8/123，6.5%）。最后，我们发现，虽然一半（230/454，50.7%）的 YMSM-YTW 应用程序使用者报告在应用程序上成功地遇到了新的性伴侣，但与白人非西班牙裔应用程序使用者相比，黑人非西班牙裔应用程序使用者这样做的可能性较小（与白人非西班牙裔相比，aOR 2.46，95%CI 1.50-4.05）。
结论：我们发现，黑人和非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 与白人非西班牙裔 YMSM-YTW 相比，在使用网站或移动应用程序和寻找性伴侣方面存在系统差异。我们的研究结果更深入地了解了种族和民族性混合模式是如何产生的，这对芝加哥 YMSM-YTW 中性传播感染的传播具有重要意义。
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