Saure Emma, Sipilä Pyry N, Surcel Heljä-Maria, Latvala Antti, Heiskala Anni, Miettunen Jouko, Laasonen Marja, Lepistö-Paisley Tuulia, Raevuori Anu
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Psychiatry Res. 2024 Dec;342:116170. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116170. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Potential effects of prenatal sex hormones on later eating disorders in offspring have been investigated with two indirect methods (finger length ratio, opposite- versus same-sex twins). We utilized a direct, prospective method, examining the association between prenatal sex-hormones in maternal sera and the risk of bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN) among daughters. Females with BN (55), AN (150), sister controls without eating disorders (one per case), and population controls (one per case) were derived from Finnish registers. Maternal gestational testosterone and estradiol levels were assayed from archived specimens stored in a national serum biobank. When females with BN were compared to their sister controls, those with higher gestational testosterone levels were at an increased risk of BN. No significant associations with BN were found when the comparison was made to population controls, and when estradiol levels and testosterone/estrogen ratio were assessed. We neither found associations between gestational sex-hormone levels and the risk of AN. Among females with familial liability for BN, higher gestational testosterone exposure may have a role in later development of BN, whereas lower testosterone exposure may have a protective effect. We found no evidence for the involvement of gestational sex-hormones in the etiology of AN.
