Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Tezpur, Assam 784501, India.
Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam 781068, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Oct 1;284:116908. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116908. Epub 2024 Sep 10.
Deltamethrin (DLM), in combination with the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), is extensively used in pest control programs due to its potent pesticidal properties and appreciable safety margin. However, various research studies report their adverse effects on non-target organisms. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of DLM, PBO, and a DLM-PBO (3:1) combination on Labeo rohita (L. rohita) fish fingerlings. Fish behavior and mortality rates were recorded at different time intervals up to 96 h for concentrations of 0.003, 0.007, 0.015, 0.031, and 0.062 µg/mL, respectively. Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological studies were carried out. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect and quantify residues in fish samples. The LC50 values after 48 h for DLM, PBO, and DLM-PBO exposed fish fingerlings were found to be 0.028, 0.066, and 0.007 µg/mL, respectively. At a concentration of 0.003 µg/mL of DLM, PBO, and DLM-PBO, the treated fish fingerlings exhibited similar behavior to the control group. Hematological parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, were reduced in the treated groups compared to the control. Biochemical parameters showed increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), while total serum protein levels decreased in DLM, PBO, and DLM-PBO treated fingerlings. Histopathological examination of liver, gill, and heart tissues revealed lesions with hydropic degeneration in the liver and fusions of gill lamellae in the treated tissues. Fish fingerlings exposed to the DLM-PBO combination appeared highly prone to toxicity compared to those treated with DLM and PBO separately.
溴氰菊酯（DLM）与增效剂胡椒基丁醚（PBO）结合使用，由于其强大的农药特性和可观的安全裕度，广泛应用于害虫防治计划。然而，各种研究报告表明，它们对非靶标生物有不良影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了溴氰菊酯、胡椒基丁醚和溴氰菊酯-胡椒基丁醚（3:1）组合对罗非鱼鱼苗的毒性。在不同时间间隔记录了鱼的行为和死亡率，直到 96 小时，浓度分别为 0.003、0.007、0.015、0.031 和 0.062µg/mL。进行了生化、血液学和组织病理学研究。使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测和定量鱼样中的残留。48 小时后，暴露于溴氰菊酯、胡椒基丁醚和溴氰菊酯-胡椒基丁醚的鱼鱼苗的 LC50 值分别为 0.028、0.066 和 0.007µg/mL。在 0.003µg/mL 的 DLM、PBO 和 DLM-PBO 浓度下，处理过的鱼鱼苗表现出与对照组相似的行为。与对照组相比，处理组的血液学参数，如红细胞（RBC）和白细胞（WBC）计数减少。生化参数显示丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平升高，而总血清蛋白水平在 DLM、PBO 和 DLM-PBO 处理的鱼苗中降低。肝、鳃和心脏组织的组织病理学检查显示，肝脏有水肿变性病变，鳃片融合。与单独使用 DLM 和 PBO 相比，暴露于 DLM-PBO 组合的鱼苗更容易受到毒性影响。
