Cheng Yu, He Jun, Zheng Ping, Yu Jie, Pu Junning, Huang Zhiqing, Mao Xiangbing, Luo Yuheng, Luo Junqiu, Yan Hui, Wu Aimin, Yu Bing, Chen Daiwen
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, People's Republic of China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2024 Sep 12;15(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s40104-024-01080-x.
Addressing the shortage of high-quality protein resources, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with different levels of enzymolysis-fermentation compound protein feed (EFCP) in the diets of growing-finishing pigs, focusing on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, carcass traits, and meat quality.
Sixty DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs with an initial body weight of 42.76 ± 2.05 kg were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design. These dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet (CON), untreated compound protein feed (UCP) substitution 50% (U50) and 100% SBM (U100) diets, and EFCP substitution 50% (EF50) and 100% SBM (EF100) diets. Each treatment had 6 pens (replicates) with 2 pigs per pen, and the experiment lasted 58 d, divided into phase I (1-28 d) and phase II (29-58 d). Following phase I, only the CON, U50, and EF50 groups were continued for phase II, each with 5 replicate pens. On d 59, a total of 15 pigs (1 pig/pen, 5 pens/treatment) were euthanized.
During phase I, the EF50 group had a higher average daily gain (ADG) in pigs (P < 0.05) compared to the CON group, whereas the U50 group did not have a significant difference. As the substitution ratio of UCP and EFCP increased in phase I, there was a noticeable reduction in the final body weight and ADG (P < 0.05), along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). In phase II, there were no significant differences in growth performance among the treatment groups, but EF50 increased the apparent digestibility of several nutrients (including dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, gross energy) compared to U50. The EF50 group also exhibited significantly higher serum levels of neuropeptide Y and ghrelin compared to the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EF50 group had higher carcass weight and carcass length than those in the CON and U50 groups (P < 0.05), with no significant difference in meat quality.
The study findings suggest that replacing 50% SBM with EFCP during the growing-finishing period can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits of pigs without compromising meat quality. This research offers valuable insights into the modification of unconventional plant protein meals and developing alternatives to SBM.
为解决优质蛋白质资源短缺问题，本研究旨在探讨在生长育肥猪日粮中用不同水平的酶解发酵复合蛋白饲料（EFCP）替代豆粕（SBM）的效果，重点关注生长性能、养分消化率、胴体性状和肉质。
选用60头初始体重为42.76±2.05 kg的杜长大（DLY）猪，采用2×2+1析因设计分为5种日粮处理组。这些日粮处理包括玉米-豆粕日粮（CON）、未处理复合蛋白饲料（UCP）替代50%（U50）和100%豆粕（U100）日粮，以及EFCP替代50%（EF50）和100%豆粕（EF100）日粮。每个处理组有6个栏（重复），每栏2头猪，试验持续58 d，分为第一阶段（1-28 d）和第二阶段（29-58 d）。第一阶段结束后，仅CON、U50和EF50组继续进行第二阶段试验，每组各有5个重复栏。在第59天，共对15头猪（每个处理组1头猪/栏，共5栏）实施安乐死。
在第一阶段，与CON组相比，EF50组猪的平均日增重（ADG）更高（P<0.05），而U50组无显著差异。随着第一阶段UCP和EFCP替代比例的增加，末体重和ADG显著降低（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）升高（P<0.05）。在第二阶段，各处理组生长性能无显著差异，但与U50组相比，EF50组几种养分（包括干物质、粗蛋白、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、灰分、总能）的表观消化率有所提高。与CON组和U50组相比，EF50组血清神经肽Y和胃饥饿素水平也显著更高（P<0.05）。此外，EF50组的胴体重和胴体长度高于CON组和U50组（P<0.05），肉质无显著差异。
研究结果表明，在生长育肥期用EFCP替代50%的SBM可提高猪的生长性能、养分消化率和胴体性状，且不影响肉质。本研究为非常规植物蛋白饲料的改良和SBM替代品的开发提供了有价值的见解。
