Wiegmann Anja, Springer Andrea, Ottensmann Meinolf, Rinaud Tony, Krüger Oliver, Strube Christina, Chakarov Nayden
Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2024 Aug 24;25:100978. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100978. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Blood parasites of the genus commonly infect many bird species worldwide and are particularly prevalent in birds of prey. As a vector-borne parasitic disease, the infection occurrence overlaps with that of the dominant vectors: blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). These blood-sucking insects are dependent on habitats with flowing freshwaters for the development of their larval stages. We investigated the correlation between the proximity to flowing waters and infection probability in common buzzard () broods, as well as the occurrence of adult blackflies directly at the nests. In addition, we investigated the survival of captured simuliids in relation to host infection intensity. In total in 2019, we examined 112 different nests, including 297 common buzzard nestlings, with a prevalence of 56.6% among the nestlings and of 80.3% at brood level. We found no significant association of infection probability with nestling age, the distance to the nearest stream and the sum of the length of streams within a radius of 200 and 1000 m around each nest. The number of blackflies caught around the nest showed a tentative correlation with the probability of infection of the nestlings. Among the subsample of 218 blackfly individuals that survived day one after capture, survival averaged 6.2 days. Our results suggest that transmission is complex and requires consideration of many factors, related to habitat and vector prevalence, especially given their temporal variation.
属的血液寄生虫通常感染全球许多鸟类物种，在猛禽中尤为普遍。作为一种媒介传播的寄生虫病，感染的发生与主要媒介：蚋（双翅目，蚋科）的感染发生重叠。这些吸血昆虫的幼虫阶段发育依赖于有流动淡水的栖息地。我们调查了普通鵟（）巢穴与流动水域的接近程度与感染概率之间的相关性，以及成年蚋直接在巢穴处的出现情况。此外，我们研究了捕获的蚋的存活情况与宿主感染强度的关系。2019年，我们总共检查了112个不同的巢穴，包括297只普通鵟雏鸟，雏鸟中的感染率为56.6%，窝水平的感染率为80.3%。我们发现感染概率与雏鸟年龄、到最近溪流的距离以及每个巢穴周围200米和1000米半径内溪流长度的总和之间没有显著关联。在巢穴周围捕获的蚋的数量与雏鸟感染的概率之间存在初步相关性。在捕获后存活一天的218只蚋个体的子样本中，平均存活时间为6.2天。我们的结果表明，传播是复杂的，需要考虑许多与栖息地和媒介流行率相关的因素，特别是考虑到它们的时间变化。
