Dept. of Materials and Ceramic Engineering/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Dept. of Chemistry/CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Waste Manag. 2024 Dec 15;190:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.007. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of employing significant amounts (up to 80 wt%) of unexplored industrial wastes (red mud and biomass fly ash) in the production of highly porous 3D-printed geopolymer lattices envisioned for wastewater treatment applications. This without compromising the mechanical performance of the geopolymers relative to those obtained using commercial precursors. The impact of the fly ash incorporation content in the fresh-state (calorimetric and reological characterization) and hardened-state (porosity and mechanical strength) properties of the produced structures was evaluated. Moreover, the influence of key printing parameters, including nozzle diameter and geometry alignment, on the resulting properties of the lattices was also evaluated. The most promising compositions were then evaluated as lead sorbents under continuous flow. The waste-based 3D-printed lattices showed remarkable adsorption ability reaching >95 % removal efficiency after 2 h. This sustainable strategy is in line with the United Nations sustainable development goals and the transition to a circular economy, reducing the consumption of natural resources and simultaneously contributing to reducing water pollution.
本文首次证明了在生产用于废水处理应用的高多孔 3D 打印地质聚合物格子时，使用大量（高达 80wt%）未开发的工业废物（赤泥和生物质粉煤灰）的可行性。这不会影响与使用商业前体获得的地质聚合物相比的机械性能。评估了粉煤灰在新鲜状态（量热和流变特性）和硬化状态（孔隙率和机械强度）下对所生产结构性能的影响。此外，还评估了关键打印参数（包括喷嘴直径和几何对准）对格子的最终性能的影响。然后，将最有前途的成分作为连续流中的铅吸附剂进行评估。基于废物的 3D 打印格子表现出出色的吸附能力，在 2 小时后达到了>95%的去除效率。这种可持续策略符合联合国可持续发展目标和向循环经济的过渡，减少了自然资源的消耗，同时有助于减少水污染。
