College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Nov;370:122407. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122407. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
Water eutrophication caused by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) has become a global environmental issue. Biochar is a competent adsorbent for removing N and P from wastewater. However, compared with commercial activated carbon, biochar has relatively limited adsorption capacity. To broaden the field scale application of biochar, biochar coupled with multiple technologies (BC-MTs) (such as microorganisms, electrochemistry, biofilm, phytoremediation, etc.) have been extensively developed for environmental remediation. Nevertheless, due to the fluctuations and differences in biochar types, coupling methods, and wastewater types, various techniques show different removal mechanisms and performance, hindering the promotion and application of BC-MTs. A systematic review of the research progress of BC-MTs is highly necessary to gain a better understanding of the current research status and progress, as well as to promote the application of these techniques. In this paper, the application of pristine and modified biochar in adsorbing N and P in wastewater is critically reviewed. Then the removal performance, influencing factors, mechanisms, and the environmental applications of BC-MTs in wastewater are systematically summarized. In addition, the cost analysis and risk assessment of BC-MTs in environmental applications are conducted. Finally, suggestions and prospects for future research and practical application are put forward.
由氮（N）和磷（P）引起的水体富营养化已成为全球性的环境问题。生物炭是一种从废水中去除 N 和 P 的有效吸附剂。然而，与商业活性炭相比，生物炭的吸附容量相对有限。为了拓宽生物炭的应用领域，生物炭与多种技术（BC-MTs）（如微生物、电化学、生物膜、植物修复等）相结合，已被广泛应用于环境修复。然而，由于生物炭类型、耦合方法和废水类型的波动和差异，各种技术表现出不同的去除机制和性能，阻碍了 BC-MTs 的推广和应用。对 BC-MTs 的研究进展进行系统的综述，对于更好地了解当前的研究现状和进展，以及促进这些技术的应用是非常必要的。本文对原始和改性生物炭在吸附废水中 N 和 P 的应用进行了批判性的综述。然后系统地总结了 BC-MTs 在废水中的去除性能、影响因素、机制以及在废水处理中的环境应用。此外，还对 BC-MTs 在环境应用中的成本分析和风险评估进行了研究。最后，对未来的研究和实际应用提出了建议和展望。
