Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2024 Nov-Dec;51(6):721-729. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2024.08.004. Epub 2024 Aug 10.
To develop an ultrasound (US)-guided ventral approach to the brachial plexus (BP) and evaluate nerve anatomy and staining in barred owl cadavers.
Prospective, cadaveric study.
Eleven adult male and female barred owl cadavers with a body mass of 0.43-0.98 kg.
Eleven frozen cadavers were thawed for 48 hours, weighed and assigned a body condition score. Ten cadavers were placed in dorsal recumbency with wings abducted. US-guided visualization of the BP was achieved by placing a 13-6 MHz linear probe over the ventral aspect of the scapulohumeral joint, parallel to the sternum. A 22 gauge, 50 mm insulated needle was advanced in-plane in a caudal-to-cranial direction. In each owl, injection targeting one BP was performed with 0.4 mL kg of a 1:1 0.5% ropivacaine and 1% methylene blue solution. Dissection was performed 15 minutes postinjection. Nerve staining was deemed successful if ≥ 1 cm of circumferential staining was achieved. The eleventh owl cadaver was injected with a 1:1 solution of 1% methylene blue and 74% ioversol contrast into both wings, and computed tomography (CT) was performed just before and 15 minutes after injection.
The BP was clearly identified ultrasonographically in cadavers weighing > 0.5 kg. An injectate volume of 0.4 mL kg provided complete staining of the BP branches in all cadavers. CT scan revealed no contrast within the coelomic cavity.
The US-guided BP injection using a ventral approach was easily performed in barred owl cadavers weighing > 0.5 kg. The injection of 0.4 mL kg of a ropivacaine-dye solution resulted in complete staining of the BP branches in all wings, suggesting that this technique could provide analgesia for structures distal to the scapulohumeral joint. Clinical studies are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this technique in barred owls and other bird species.
开发一种超声（US）引导的臂丛（BP）腹侧入路，并评估 barred owl 尸体中的神经解剖结构和染色情况。
前瞻性、尸体研究。
11 只成年雄性和雌性 barred owl 尸体，体重 0.43-0.98 公斤。
将 11 只冷冻尸体解冻 48 小时，称重并进行体况评分。10 只尸体置于背部卧位，翅膀外展。通过将 13-6 MHz 线性探头放置在肩胛肱关节的腹侧，与胸骨平行，实现 BP 的 US 可视化。将 22 号、50 毫米绝缘针在平面内从尾侧向头侧推进。在每只 owl 中，向 BP 注射 0.4 mL·kg 的 1:1 0.5%罗哌卡因和 1%亚甲蓝溶液。注射后 15 分钟进行解剖。如果实现了≥1 厘米的环形染色，则认为神经染色成功。第 11 只 owl 尸体向两侧翅膀注射 1:1 的 1%亚甲蓝和 74%碘海醇混合溶液，注射前后立即进行 CT 扫描。
体重>0.5 公斤的尸体在超声下可清楚识别 BP。在所有尸体中，0.4 mL·kg 的注射量可使 BP 分支完全染色。CT 扫描显示腹腔内无对比剂。
在体重>0.5 公斤的 barred owl 尸体中，使用腹侧入路的 US 引导 BP 注射很容易进行。0.4 mL·kg 的罗哌卡因-染料溶液注射可使所有翅膀的 BP 分支完全染色，表明该技术可提供肩胛肱关节远端结构的镇痛作用。需要进行临床研究以确认该技术在 barred owl 和其他鸟类中的安全性和有效性。
