Society for Applied Studies (SAS), New Delhi, India.
Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 29;12:1405247. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1405247. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of underweight in women of reproductive age (WRA) in South Asia remains unacceptably high. Underweight women suffer from lowered immunity, infertility, and a risk of developing non-communicable diseases. In pregnancy, undernutrition results in poor neonatal and maternal outcomes. We present the findings and the management strategy of undernutrition in the preconception and pregnancy phase intervention group in the WING study in low- to lower-middle-income neighborhoods of North India.
We analyzed data from the Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS) intervention group. In this individually randomized factorial design trial, 13,500 women were enrolled from low to middle-income neighborhoods of Delhi: 6,722 women in the preconception group and 2,640 from the pregnancy group. Food supplements in the form of locally prepared snacks were given to provide necessary calories and protein requirements as per the Body mass index (BMI) during the preconception period and each trimester of pregnancy. The snacks (sweet or savory) and milk or egg as a source of high-quality protein were delivered at home, and intakes were observed. Individual tracking and close monthly monitoring were done for compliance, besides screening and treatment of infections.
The enrolled women's mean (SD) age was 24.2 (3.1) years. Approximately 35% of women had a height of < 150 cm, and 50% had schooling >12 years. 17% of women in preconception and 14 % in pregnancy intervention groups were Underweight. Approximately two-thirds of underweight women improved 9-12 months after management in the preconception group, and the same proportion improved 4 weeks after management during pregnancy. The proportion of women with inadequate weight gain (IWG) during pregnancy was higher in women who were underweight during preconception.
A comprehensive approach to managing undernutrition with high-quality energy-dense food supplementation substantially improved weight gain in women during preconception and pregnancy.
http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339%26EncHid=%26userName=societyforappliedstudies, identifier: Clinical Trial Registry India #CTRI/2017/06/008908.
南亚育龄妇女（WRA）体重不足的比例仍然高得令人无法接受。体重不足的妇女免疫力下降，不孕，并面临患非传染性疾病的风险。在怀孕期间，营养不良会导致新生儿和产妇结局不佳。我们在印度北部的低收入和中下收入社区展示了 WING 研究中预孕期和孕期干预组中营养不良的发现和管理策略。
我们分析了 Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study（WINGS）干预组的数据。在这项单独的随机因素设计试验中，从德里的低收入和中收入社区招募了 13500 名妇女：6722 名妇女参加了预孕期组，2640 名参加了孕期组。在预孕期和孕期的每个 trimester，以当地制作的零食形式提供食物补充剂，以根据体重指数（BMI）提供必要的热量和蛋白质需求。将零食（甜或咸）和牛奶或鸡蛋作为高质量蛋白质的来源送到家中，并观察摄入量。除了筛查和治疗感染外，还进行了个人跟踪和每月密切监测以确保依从性。
纳入的妇女的平均（SD）年龄为 24.2（3.1）岁。大约 35%的妇女身高<150cm，50%的妇女受教育程度>12 年。17%的预孕期和 14%的孕期干预组妇女体重不足。大约三分之二的体重不足妇女在预孕期管理后 9-12 个月得到改善，同样比例的妇女在孕期管理后 4 周得到改善。在预孕期体重不足的妇女中，孕期体重增加不足（IWG）的比例较高。
通过提供高质量的能量密集型食物补充，全面管理营养不良，大大改善了妇女在预孕期和孕期的体重增加。
http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339%26EncHid=%26userName=societyforappliedstudies，标识符：Clinical Trial Registry India #CTRI/2017/06/008908。
