Bernstein I L
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1985 Aug;76(2 Pt 2):381-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(85)90658-x.
Cromolyn sodium has matured as a first-line drug in the management of asthma in the United States. New pharmacokinetic assays reveal that it exerts classic dose-response effects both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of cromolyn sodium is due chiefly to its ability to inhibit mediator release from mast cells, but there is considerable evidence that it may affect reflex-induced asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity. It may also reduce the number of inflammatory effector cells such as eosinophils and decrease the IgE-mediated local immune response. Two formulations are currently available in the United States: the powdered Spinhaler apparatus and a solution that can be aerosolized by a nebulizer. A metered-dose aerosol preparation containing 1 mg/drug per activation is being investigated in other parts of the world and appears to be equally as effective as the powdered and nebulized forms of cromolyn. Recent controlled studies reveal that cromolyn sodium and theophylline have equal efficacy in the first-line management of asthma, but troublesome cardiovascular and psychoneurologic side effects are often observed after theophylline therapy. If used properly, cromolyn sodium is a valuable agent in the pharmacologic treatment of asthma.
在美国，色甘酸钠已发展成为治疗哮喘的一线药物。新的药代动力学分析表明，它在体外和体内均产生典型的剂量反应效应。色甘酸钠的保护作用主要归因于其抑制肥大细胞释放介质的能力，但有大量证据表明它可能影响反射性诱发的哮喘和支气管高反应性。它还可能减少嗜酸性粒细胞等炎症效应细胞的数量，并降低IgE介导的局部免疫反应。美国目前有两种剂型：粉末状的Spinhaler装置和可通过雾化器雾化的溶液。一种每次激活含1毫克药物的定量气雾剂制剂正在世界其他地区进行研究，其效果似乎与粉末状和雾化形式的色甘酸钠相同。最近的对照研究表明，色甘酸钠和茶碱在哮喘的一线治疗中疗效相当，但茶碱治疗后常出现令人烦恼的心血管和精神神经副作用。如果使用得当，色甘酸钠是哮喘药物治疗中的一种有价值的药物。
