Post-Graduation Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2024 Sep-Oct;15(5):e1870. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1870.
Cellular compartmentalization, achieved through membrane-based compartments, is a fundamental aspect of cell biology that contributes to the evolutionary success of cells. While organelles have traditionally been the focus of research, membrane-less organelles (MLOs) are emerging as critical players, exhibiting distinct morphological features and unique molecular compositions. Recent research highlights the pivotal role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in MLOs and their involvement in various cellular processes across different organisms. In the context of cancer, dysregulation of MLO formation, influenced by altered lncRNA expression, impacts chromatin organization, oncogenic transcription, signaling pathways, and telomere lengthening. This review synthesizes the current understanding of lncRNA composition within MLOs, delineating their functions and exploring how their dysregulation contributes to human cancers. Environmental challenges in tumorigenesis, such as nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, induce stress granules, promoting cancer cell survival and progression. Advancements in biochemical techniques, particularly single RNA imaging methods, offer valuable tools for studying RNA functions within live cells. However, detecting low-abundance lncRNAs remains challenging due to their limited expression levels. The correlation between lncRNA expression and pathological conditions, particularly cancer, should be explored, emphasizing the importance of single-cell studies for precise biomarker identification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
细胞区室化是通过基于膜的区室实现的，这是细胞生物学的一个基本方面，有助于细胞的进化成功。虽然细胞器一直是研究的焦点，但无膜细胞器（MLOs）作为关键参与者正在出现，表现出独特的形态特征和独特的分子组成。最近的研究强调了长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在 MLOs 中的关键作用及其在不同生物体的各种细胞过程中的参与。在癌症的背景下，lncRNA 表达改变影响 MLO 形成的失调，影响染色质组织、致癌转录、信号通路和端粒延长。这篇综述综合了当前对 MLO 中 lncRNA 组成的理解，描绘了它们的功能，并探讨了它们的失调如何导致人类癌症。肿瘤发生中的环境挑战，如营养剥夺和缺氧，会诱导应激颗粒，促进癌细胞的存活和进展。生化技术的进步，特别是单个 RNA 成像方法，为研究活细胞内 RNA 功能提供了有价值的工具。然而，由于其表达水平有限，检测低丰度 lncRNA 仍然具有挑战性。应该探索 lncRNA 表达与病理状况（特别是癌症）之间的相关性，强调单细胞研究对于精确生物标志物识别和个性化治疗策略的发展的重要性。本文归类于：RNA 输出和定位 > RNA 定位 RNA 在疾病和发育中的作用 > RNA 在疾病中的作用 RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用 > RNA-蛋白质复合物。
