Zhang Yiqiong, Liu Jingjing, Xu Yangfan, Xie Chao, Wang Shuangyin, Yao Xiangdong
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410114, P. R. China.
School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2024 Oct 28;53(21):10620-10659. doi: 10.1039/d4cs00217b.
Electrocatalysts are the key components of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. High performance electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the chemical reactions, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of energy devices. The electrocatalytic reaction mainly experiences adsorption and desorption of molecules (reactants, intermediates and products) on a catalyst surface, accompanied by charge transfer processes. Therefore, surface control of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalyst design and optimization. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the rational design and regulation of a defect structure can result in rearrangement of the atomic structure on the catalyst surface, thereby efficaciously promoting the electrocatalytic performance. However, the relationship between defects and catalytic properties still remains to be understood. In this review, the types of defects, synthesis methods and characterization techniques are comprehensively summarized, and then the intrinsic relationship between defects and electrocatalytic performance is discussed. Moreover, the application and development of defects are reviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges existing in defective electrocatalysts are summarized and prospected, and the future research direction is also suggested. We hope that this review will provide some principal guidance and reference for researchers engaged in defect and catalysis research, better help researchers understand the research status and development trends in the field of defects and catalysis, and expand the application of high-performance defective electrocatalysts to the field of electrocatalytic engineering.
电催化剂是电化学能量存储和转换装置的关键组成部分。高性能电催化剂可以有效降低化学反应的能垒，从而提高能量装置的转换效率。电催化反应主要经历分子（反应物、中间体和产物）在催化剂表面的吸附和解吸，并伴随着电荷转移过程。因此，电催化剂的表面控制在催化剂设计和优化中起着关键作用。近年来，许多研究表明，合理设计和调控缺陷结构可导致催化剂表面原子结构的重排，从而有效提升电催化性能。然而，缺陷与催化性能之间的关系仍有待深入理解。在本综述中，全面总结了缺陷的类型、合成方法和表征技术，进而讨论了缺陷与电催化性能之间的内在关系。此外，还详细综述了缺陷的应用与发展。最后，总结并展望了缺陷型电催化剂存在的挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向。我们希望本综述能为从事缺陷与催化研究的人员提供一些主要指导和参考，更好地帮助研究人员了解缺陷与催化领域的研究现状和发展趋势，并将高性能缺陷型电催化剂的应用拓展到电催化工程领域。
