Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Future Microbiol. 2024;19(16):1419-1437. doi: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2398337. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Microbes are a major source of enzymes due to their ability to be mass-cultivated and genetically modified. Compared with plant and animal enzymes, microbial enzymes are more stable and active. Enzymes are generally classified into six classes based on their reaction, substrate specificity and mechanism of action. In addition to their application in medicine for treating diseases, these compounds are used as anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and digestive agents. However, challenges such as immunogenicity, tissue specificity and short half-life make clinical trials complex. Enzymes are metabolic catalysts in industry and their production and extraction must be optimized to preserve profitability due to rising demand. The present review highlights the increasing importance of bacterial enzymes in industry and medicine and explores methods for their production, extraction and purification.
微生物是酶的主要来源，因为它们能够大规模培养和基因改造。与植物和动物酶相比，微生物酶更稳定、更活跃。根据反应、底物特异性和作用机制，酶通常分为六类。除了在医学上用于治疗疾病外，这些化合物还被用作抗炎、溶栓和消化剂。然而，免疫原性、组织特异性和半衰期短等挑战使得临床试验变得复杂。酶是工业中的代谢催化剂，由于需求不断增加，必须优化其生产和提取以保持盈利性。本综述强调了细菌酶在工业和医学中的重要性日益增加，并探讨了其生产、提取和纯化的方法。
