Gebruers E M, Hall W J, O'Brien M H, O'Leary D, Plant W D
J Physiol. 1985 Jun;363:21-33. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015693.
The drinking of a variety of isotonic salt solutions provoked a short load-dependent diuretic response in man, similar in latency to that of a water diuresis and reaching its maximum 40-60 min from the start of drinking. Subjects differed in the threshold load at which the response became evident, and also in the magnitude of their responses. Changes in free water clearance matched the increases in urinary minute volume, with no significant change in either urinary sodium or potassium excretion. Changes in urinary pH and in ammonium excretion were similar to those described for a water diuresis. Drinking an isotonic solution of mannitol provoked a diuresis similar to that of the salt solutions. All subjects had diarrhoea after drinking the mannitol. Signals arising from the oropharynx might be partly responsible for eliciting the diuresis. The significantly smaller urinary responses to infusions of isotonic salt solutions directly into the stomach support this view. The absence of a significant response to 'sham drinking' appears inconsistent with this, but oropharyngeal signals may only have a priming role in man and interact with other signals to give the full response.
饮用各种等渗盐溶液会在人体引发短暂的负荷依赖性利尿反应，其潜伏期与水利尿相似，饮用开始后40 - 60分钟达到峰值。不同受试者出现明显反应的阈值负荷不同，反应程度也不同。自由水清除率的变化与每分钟尿量的增加相匹配，尿钠或尿钾排泄均无显著变化。尿pH值和铵排泄的变化与水利尿中描述的相似。饮用甘露醇等渗溶液引发的利尿与盐溶液相似。所有受试者饮用甘露醇后均出现腹泻。来自口咽的信号可能部分导致了利尿。将等渗盐溶液直接注入胃中时尿反应明显较小，这支持了这一观点。对“假饮水”无明显反应似乎与此不符，但口咽信号在人体中可能仅起启动作用，并与其他信号相互作用以产生完整反应。
