Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research and Development of Serbia, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Water Res. 2024 Nov 15;266:122411. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122411. Epub 2024 Sep 7.
Biofilters are among the most popular nature-based systems for treating stormwater and delivering multiple environmental benefits. However, as a passive system, their performance tends to be inconsistent in removing emerging organic contaminants produced by anthropogenic activities that can be persistent, mobile, and toxic. Thus, in this study, real time control (RTC) of stormwater biofilters is introduced to enhance the removal of a diverse range of organic chemicals. Laboratory columns were employed to investigate the performance of five RTC strategies, i.e., dynamic soil moisture control (RTC-Moisture), infiltration rate control (RTC-IR), pre-drain (RTC-PreDrain), fully unsaturated (RTC-UnSat), and fully saturated (RTC-FulSat). These RTC strategies were tested under varying rainfall sizes, as well as dry and wet conditions. Additionally, the study examined the accumulation of organic chemicals in the media. The results revealed that RTC-Moisture, RTC-IR, and RTC-PreDrain were the top three performing strategies, which achieved a significantly higher removal rate than Non-RTC biofilters for the majority of tested organic chemicals (p-value < 0.05). The best RTC strategy, RTC-Moisture, not only had the highest overall performance (average removal rate of 76.1 %) but was also least affected by various rainfall events. Despite a better chemical removal found in RTC-Moisture and RTC-PreDrain, there was no significant overall increase in the accumulation of organic chemicals within the media (p-value > 0.05) when compared to Non-RTC biofilters. This may indicate that the biodegradation process could be promoted in the well-performing RTC biofilters. This study confirms the possibility of using RTC strategies to enhance organic chemical removal in stormwater biofilters.
生物滤池是处理雨水和提供多种环境效益的最受欢迎的自然系统之一。然而，作为一种被动系统，它们的性能在去除由人为活动产生的新兴有机污染物方面往往不一致，这些污染物可能具有持久性、移动性和毒性。因此，在这项研究中，引入了实时控制（RTC）来增强对各种有机化学品的去除。采用实验室柱研究了五种 RTC 策略的性能，即动态土壤水分控制（RTC-Moisture）、渗透速率控制（RTC-IR）、预排水（RTC-PreDrain）、完全不饱和（RTC-UnSat）和完全饱和（RTC-FulSat）。这些 RTC 策略在不同的降雨大小以及干湿条件下进行了测试。此外，该研究还考察了有机化学品在介质中的积累情况。结果表明，RTC-Moisture、RTC-IR 和 RTC-PreDrain 是表现最好的三种策略，它们对大多数测试的有机化学品的去除率显著高于非-RTC 生物滤池（p 值 < 0.05）。最佳的 RTC 策略 RTC-Moisture 不仅具有最高的整体性能（平均去除率为 76.1%），而且受各种降雨事件的影响最小。尽管在 RTC-Moisture 和 RTC-PreDrain 中发现了更好的化学去除效果，但与非-RTC 生物滤池相比，介质中有机化学品的积累并没有显著增加（p 值 > 0.05）。这可能表明在性能良好的 RTC 生物滤池中可以促进生物降解过程。本研究证实了在雨水生物滤池中使用 RTC 策略来增强有机化学去除的可能性。
