Lopes Thiago Ribeiro, de Oliveira Diogo Machado, Amoroso de Lima Luís Adriano, Silva Bruno Moreira
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; São Paulo Association for Medicine Development, São Paulo, Sp, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2025 Jan;331:104350. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104350. Epub 2024 Sep 11.
Highly trained aerobic athletes progressively use most of their breathing reserve with increased exercise intensity during whole-body exercise. Additionally, females typically present proportionally smaller lungs than males. Therefore, sex, exercise intensity, and breathing reserve use likely influence the volume and time in which respiratory parameters vary between consecutive breaths during whole-body exercise. However, breath-by-breath variability has been scarcely investigated during exercise. Accordingly, we sought to investigate breath-by-breath pulmonary ventilation (V̇), tidal volume V), and respiratory frequency (f) variability during a maximal treadmill incremental exercise test in 17 females and 18 males highly trained professional endurance runners. The breath-by-breath variability was analyzed by root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 1-minute windows. Females had lower absolute and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC) than males, as well as lower height-adjusted absolute FVC than males. V̇ and V reserve use were similar between the sexes at peak exercise. While RMSSDV̇ and RMSSDf did not change over exercise (P > 0.05), RMSSDV progressively decreased (P < 0.001). RMSSDV was negatively correlated with V reserve use only in males. Females showed lower RMSSDV̇ than males during the entire exercise test (P < 0.001). At iso-V̇ reserve use, between-sex differences in RMSSDV̇ persisted (P = 0.003). Our findings indicate that exercise intensity decreases V variability in professional runners, which is linked to V reserve use in males but not females. Additionally, the female sex lowers V̇ variability regardless of exercise intensity and V̇ reserve use.
在全身运动中，训练有素的有氧运动运动员会随着运动强度的增加逐渐使用大部分呼吸储备。此外，女性的肺通常比男性的肺在比例上更小。因此，性别、运动强度和呼吸储备的使用可能会影响全身运动期间连续呼吸之间呼吸参数变化的幅度和时间。然而，在运动过程中逐次呼吸变异性很少被研究。因此，我们试图在17名女性和18名训练有素的职业耐力跑男性运动员进行的最大跑步机递增运动测试中，研究逐次呼吸的肺通气量（V̇）、潮气量（V）和呼吸频率（f）的变异性。逐次呼吸变异性通过1分钟窗口内连续差值的均方根（RMSSD）进行分析。女性的一秒用力呼气量（FEV）和用力肺活量（FVC）的绝对数值和预测百分比均低于男性，身高调整后的绝对FVC也低于男性。在运动峰值时，两性之间的V̇和V储备使用情况相似。虽然RMSSDV̇和RMSSDf在运动过程中没有变化（P>0.05），但RMSSDV逐渐下降（P<0.001）。仅在男性中，RMSSDV与V储备使用呈负相关。在整个运动测试过程中，女性的RMSSDV̇低于男性（P<0.001）。在等V̇储备使用时，RMSSDV̇的性别差异仍然存在（P = 0.003）。我们的研究结果表明，运动强度会降低职业跑步运动员的V变异性，这与男性而非女性的V储备使用有关。此外，无论运动强度和V̇储备使用情况如何，女性的V̇变异性都较低。
