López-López Antonio, Moreno-Baquero José María, Garrido-Fernández Antonio
Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG), CSIC, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Foods. 2024 Aug 24;13(17):2671. doi: 10.3390/foods13172671.
Table olives are high in salt, which can negatively impact cardiovascular health. It is essential to reduce their salt content to mitigate such risk. The objectives of the study were to develop an appropriate protocol to determine mineral bioaccessibility in green Spanish-style Manzanilla table olives and to use it to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of replacing 50% NaCl in the packaging brine with KCl, CaCl, and MgCl on this characteristic. After testing, Miller's protocol with a post-digestion re-extraction was chosen. The mineral bioaccessibility found was as follows: Na, 93-98%; K, 94-100%; Ca, 19-27% (the lowest accessibility); Mg, 78-91% (moderately accessible); and non-added P, 55-67%. Bioaccessible amounts (mg/100 g pulp) of added minerals in runs were 151-503 for K, 53-109 for Ca, and 54-143 for Mg. The bioaccessible mineral vs. salt concentrations were modelled and plotted using RSM, illustrating the possible predictions from the tested range of combinations. The bioaccessibility of Ca and Mg was approximately 70% and 15% lower than the values indicated on the label based on the chemical analysis. The results discourage Ca fortification in packaging and suggest including bioaccessibility, markedly influenced by the food matrix, on the label for accurate nutritional information.
罐装橄榄的盐分含量很高,这会对心血管健康产生负面影响。降低其盐分含量以减轻此类风险至关重要。本研究的目的是制定一种合适的方案来测定西班牙绿橄榄(曼萨尼拉罐装橄榄)中的矿物质生物可利用性,并首次使用该方案评估用氯化钾、氯化钙和氯化镁替代包装卤水中50%的氯化钠对这一特性的影响。经过测试,选择了消化后再萃取的米勒方案。所发现的矿物质生物可利用性如下:钠,93 - 98%;钾,94 - 100%;钙,19 - 27%(可利用性最低);镁,78 - 91%(中等可利用);未添加的磷,55 - 67%。实验中添加矿物质的生物可利用量(毫克/100克果肉)为:钾151 - 503、钙53 - 109、镁54 - 143。使用响应曲面法对生物可利用矿物质与盐浓度进行建模并绘图,展示了从测试的组合范围得出的可能预测结果。钙和镁的生物可利用性比基于化学分析在标签上标明的值分别低约70%和15%。研究结果不鼓励在包装中强化钙,并建议在标签上标注受食物基质显著影响的生物可利用性,以提供准确的营养信息。