Turck Dominique, Bohn Torsten, Castenmiller Jacqueline, de Henauw Stefaan, Hirsch-Ernst Karen Ildico, Knutsen Helle Katrine, Maciuk Alexandre, Mangelsdorf Inge, McArdle Harry J, Naska Androniki, Peláez Carmen, Pentieva Kristina, Thies Frank, Tsabouri Sophia, Vinceti Marco, Bresson Jean-Louis, Siani Alfonso
EFSA J. 2022 Apr 19;20(4):e07259. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7259. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver scientific advice related to nutrient profiling for the development of harmonised mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling and the setting of nutrient profiles for restricting nutrition and health claims on foods. This Opinion is based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human studies on nutritionally adequate diets, data from the Global Burden of Disease framework, clinical practice guidelines, previous EFSA opinions and the priorities set by EU Member States in the context of their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and associated nutrient/food intake recommendations. Relevant publications were retrieved through comprehensive searches in PubMed. The nutrients included in the assessment are those likely to be consumed in excess or in inadequate amounts in a majority of European countries. Food groups with important roles in European diets have been considered. The Panel concludes that dietary intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA), sodium and added/free sugars are above, and intakes of dietary fibre and potassium below, current dietary recommendations in a majority of European populations. As excess intakes of SFAs, sodium and added/free sugars and inadequate intakes of dietary fibre and potassium are associated with adverse health effects, they could be included in nutrient profiling models. Energy could be included because a reduction in energy intake is of public health importance for European populations. In food group/category-based nutrient profiling models, total fat could replace energy in most food groups owing to its high-energy density, while the energy density of food groups with low or no fat content may be well accounted for by the inclusion of (added/free) sugars. Some nutrients may be included in nutrient profiling models for reasons other than their public health importance, e.g. as a proxy for other nutrients of public health importance, or to allow for a better discrimination of foods within the same food category.
应欧盟委员会的要求，欧洲食品安全局营养、新型食品及食品过敏原专家委员会（NDA）被要求就营养成分剖析提供科学建议，以制定统一的强制性食品包装正面营养标签，并设定用于限制食品营养与健康声称的营养成分剖析标准。本意见基于对营养充足饮食的人体研究的系统评价和荟萃分析、全球疾病负担框架数据、临床实践指南、欧洲食品安全局先前的意见以及欧盟成员国在其基于食物的膳食指南及相关营养素/食物摄入量建议背景下确定的优先事项。通过在PubMed上进行全面检索获取了相关出版物。评估中纳入的营养素是那些在大多数欧洲国家可能摄入过量或不足的营养素。已考虑在欧洲饮食中具有重要作用的食物类别。专家委员会得出结论，在大多数欧洲人群中，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、钠和添加糖/游离糖的膳食摄入量高于当前膳食建议水平，而膳食纤维和钾的摄入量低于当前膳食建议水平。由于过量摄入SFA、钠和添加糖/游离糖以及膳食纤维和钾摄入不足与不良健康影响相关，它们可纳入营养成分剖析模型。能量可以纳入，因为减少能量摄入对欧洲人群具有公共卫生重要性。在基于食物类别/类别的营养成分剖析模型中，由于总脂肪的能量密度高，在大多数食物类别中可以用总脂肪替代能量，而对于脂肪含量低或无脂肪的食物类别，通过纳入（添加/游离）糖可以很好地考虑其能量密度。某些营养素可能因其对公共卫生的重要性以外的原因而纳入营养成分剖析模型，例如作为具有公共卫生重要性的其他营养素的替代指标，或为了更好地区分同一食物类别内的食物。
