Leitão Catarina, Estrela Marta, Monteiro Luís, Fardilha Margarida, Herdeiro Maria Teresa, Roque Fátima
Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Aug 29;16(17):3005. doi: 10.3390/cancers16173005.
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for 20% of new cancer cases and 10.5% of cancer-associated mortality in Portugal. Associated risk factors include advanced age, family history, genetic alterations, and race/ethnicity. However, the role of lifestyle factors is often underestimated. To explore health professionals' perceptions of PCa risk factors, a qualitative study with three focus groups (FG), with a total of twenty-one general practitioners and urologists, was conducted via videoconference between February and April 2023. Seven themes emerged, including general perceptions of PCa; PCa risk factors; nutritional impact; the role of physical activity; alcohol consumption and smoking; sexual activity and sexually transmitted diseases roles in PCa; and screening, diagnosis, and treatment methods. Despite agreeing that healthy lifestyles could promote better PCa outcomes and quality of life, participants did not specify any lifestyle factors that could promote or prevent this disease, posing challenges to lifestyle changes, particularly among older adults. Non-invasive screening methods, such as biomarkers and alternative treatments, are crucial for future research. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the correlation of lifestyle factors with PCa and highlights the necessity of health professionals in encouraging their patients to adopt healthier lifestyles, while offering important insights into awareness, prevention, and alternative screening, diagnosis, and treatment methods, which could help reduce false positives and treatment side effects.
前列腺癌（PCa）在葡萄牙新增癌症病例中占20%，在癌症相关死亡率中占10.5%。相关风险因素包括高龄、家族病史、基因改变以及种族/族裔。然而，生活方式因素的作用常常被低估。为了探究医疗专业人员对PCa风险因素的看法，于2023年2月至4月间通过视频会议开展了一项针对三个焦点小组（FG）的定性研究，共有21名全科医生和泌尿科医生参与。研究出现了七个主题，包括对PCa的总体看法；PCa风险因素；营养影响；体育活动的作用；饮酒和吸烟；性活动及性传播疾病在PCa中的作用；以及筛查、诊断和治疗方法。尽管参与者一致认为健康的生活方式有助于改善PCa的预后和生活质量，但他们并未明确指出任何能够促进或预防这种疾病的生活方式因素，这给生活方式的改变带来了挑战，尤其是在老年人中。生物标志物和替代治疗等非侵入性筛查方法对未来研究至关重要。这项研究强调了进一步调查生活方式因素与PCa之间相关性的必要性，并突出了医疗专业人员鼓励患者采取更健康生活方式的必要性，同时还提供了关于提高认识、预防以及替代筛查、诊断和治疗方法的重要见解，这有助于减少假阳性结果和治疗副作用。
