Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Cells. 2024 Sep 4;13(17):1480. doi: 10.3390/cells13171480.
Immunotherapy represents a transformative shift in cancer treatment. Among myriad immune-based approaches, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising results in treating hematological malignancies. Despite aggressive treatment options, the prognosis for patients with malignant brain tumors remains poor. Research leveraging CAR T-cell therapy for brain tumors has surged in recent years. Pre-clinical models are crucial in evaluating the safety and efficacy of these therapies before they advance to clinical trials. However, current models recapitulate the human tumor environment to varying degrees. Novel in vitro and in vivo techniques offer the opportunity to validate CAR T-cell therapies but also have limitations. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of various pre-clinical glioma models, this review aims to provide a roadmap for the development and pre-clinical testing of CAR T-cell therapies for brain tumors.
免疫疗法代表了癌症治疗的重大转变。在众多基于免疫的方法中，嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法在治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤方面显示出了有前景的结果。尽管有积极的治疗选择，患有恶性脑肿瘤的患者的预后仍然很差。近年来，利用 CAR T 细胞疗法治疗脑肿瘤的研究激增。临床前模型在这些疗法进入临床试验之前，对于评估其安全性和有效性至关重要。然而，目前的模型在不同程度上再现了人类肿瘤环境。新型的体外和体内技术为验证 CAR T 细胞疗法提供了机会，但也存在局限性。通过评估各种临床前神经胶质瘤模型的优缺点，本综述旨在为脑肿瘤的 CAR T 细胞疗法的开发和临床前测试提供一个路线图。
