Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
UO Laboratory Analysis, Responsible Research Hospital, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 7;25(17):9688. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179688.
The placenta is crucial to fetal development and performs vital functions such as nutrient exchange, waste removal and hormone regulation. Abnormal placental development can lead to conditions such as fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and stillbirth, affecting both immediate and long-term fetal health. Placental development is a highly complex process involving interactions between maternal and fetal components, imprinted genes, signaling pathways, mitochondria, fetal sexomes and environmental factors such as diet, supplementation and exercise. Probiotics have been shown to make a significant contribution to prenatal health, placental health and fetal development, with associations with reduced risk of preterm birth and pre-eclampsia, as well as improvements in maternal health through effects on gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, vaginal infections, gestational diabetes, allergic diseases and inflammation. This review summarizes key studies on the influence of dietary supplementation on placental development, with a focus on the role of probiotics in prenatal health and fetal development.
胎盘对于胎儿发育至关重要，发挥着营养物质交换、废物清除和激素调节等重要功能。胎盘发育异常可导致胎儿生长受限、子痫前期和死胎等情况，影响胎儿近期和远期健康。胎盘发育是一个高度复杂的过程，涉及母体和胎儿成分、印迹基因、信号通路、线粒体、胎儿性组学以及饮食、补充剂和运动等环境因素的相互作用。益生菌对产前健康、胎盘健康和胎儿发育有重要贡献，与降低早产和子痫前期风险以及通过影响肠道微生物群、脂质代谢、阴道感染、妊娠期糖尿病、过敏和炎症来改善产妇健康有关。本文综述了饮食补充剂对胎盘发育影响的关键研究，重点介绍了益生菌在产前健康和胎儿发育中的作用。
