Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 7;25(17):9706. doi: 10.3390/ijms25179706.
Childhood obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities have become pressing public health concerns worldwide, significantly impacting cardiovascular health. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, altered glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, has emerged as a critical precursor to cardiovascular disease. Chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress seem to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity-related disorders such as early atherosclerosis. A significant distinction between the objective components of cardiovascular health metrics, including body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting glucose levels, and the definition of metabolic syndrome is evident in the identification of obesity. Whereas cardiovascular health metrics predominantly rely on body mass index percentiles to assess obesity, metabolic syndrome criteria prioritize waist circumference, specifically targeting individuals with a measurement ≥90th percentile. This discrepancy emphasizes the need for a nuanced approach in assessing the risks associated with obesity and underscores the importance of considering multiple factors when evaluating cardiovascular risk in children. By recognizing the complex interplay between various health metrics, obesity and metabolic syndrome criteria, clinicians can more accurately identify individuals at risk and tailor interventions accordingly to mitigate cardiovascular disease in children with obesity.
儿童肥胖症及相关代谢异常已成为全球范围内亟待解决的公共卫生问题，对心血管健康产生了重大影响。代谢综合征是心血管疾病的重要前驱病症，其特征为一系列代谢异常，包括中心性肥胖、葡萄糖代谢异常、血脂异常和动脉高血压。慢性系统性炎症和氧化应激似乎在儿童肥胖相关疾病（如早发性动脉粥样硬化）的发病机制中发挥关键作用。在确定肥胖症时，心血管健康指标的客观成分（包括体重指数、血压、胆固醇和空腹血糖水平）与代谢综合征的定义之间存在明显区别。心血管健康指标主要依赖体重指数百分位数来评估肥胖症，而代谢综合征标准则优先考虑腰围，特别是针对测量值≥第 90 百分位数的个体。这种差异强调了在评估肥胖相关风险时需要采取细致方法的必要性，并突出了在评估儿童心血管风险时考虑多种因素的重要性。通过认识到各种健康指标、肥胖症和代谢综合征标准之间的复杂相互作用，临床医生可以更准确地识别处于风险中的个体，并相应地调整干预措施，以减轻肥胖儿童的心血管疾病风险。
