Amayra Imanol, Ruiz de Lazcano Aitana, Salgueiro Monika, Anguiano Samuel, Ureña Malena, Martínez Oscar
Neuro-E-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain.
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 5;13(17):5273. doi: 10.3390/jcm13175273.
Spina bifida (SB) is a rare congenital disease characterized by not only physical but also neuropsychological disturbances. Among these neuropsychological impairments, memory deficits are a significant concern, as they substantially hinder aspects of crucial importance in the lives of individuals with SB such as medical needs or daily life activities. The main objective is to conduct a systematic review of the current evidence on the memory deficits in the SB population, including children, adolescents, and adults. Four databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and ProQuest) were systematically screened for eligible studies. The present review reveals cognitive difficulties in different memory types among individuals with SB. These deficits, identified in childhood, seem to persist into adulthood. Specifically, impairments are evident in short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. The neuropsychological instruments applied in the studies that were included in this systematic review vary, however, most reach the same conclusions. The present findings underscore the importance of incorporating cognitive assessments, particularly those focused on the memory domain, into routine childhood evaluations for individuals with SB. Early identification of these cognitive difficulties allows for the timely implementation of cognitive interventions that could leverage the inherent plasticity of the developing brain, and prevent or delay the onset of these deficits in later adulthood for people with SB, ultimately improving their functionality and quality of life.
脊柱裂（SB）是一种罕见的先天性疾病，其特征不仅在于身体方面，还包括神经心理障碍。在这些神经心理损伤中，记忆缺陷是一个重大问题，因为它们严重阻碍了脊柱裂患者生活中至关重要的方面，如医疗需求或日常生活活动。主要目的是对目前关于脊柱裂人群（包括儿童、青少年和成人）记忆缺陷的证据进行系统综述。系统地筛选了四个数据库（PubMed、SCOPUS、科学网和ProQuest）以查找符合条件的研究。本综述揭示了脊柱裂患者在不同记忆类型方面存在认知困难。这些在儿童期发现的缺陷似乎会持续到成年期。具体而言，短期记忆、工作记忆和长期记忆方面的损伤很明显。纳入本系统综述的研究中所应用的神经心理测试工具各不相同，然而，大多数得出了相同的结论。本研究结果强调了将认知评估，特别是那些侧重于记忆领域的评估，纳入脊柱裂儿童常规评估的重要性。早期识别这些认知困难有助于及时实施认知干预，利用发育中大脑固有的可塑性，预防或延缓脊柱裂患者成年后期这些缺陷的出现，最终改善他们的功能和生活质量。
