Department of Habilitation, Halmstad County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
Department of Habilitation, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2022 Sep;111(9):1682-1694. doi: 10.1111/apa.16420. Epub 2022 Jun 5.
The aim of this scoping review was to summarise findings concerning cognitive characteristics in people with spina bifida and explain how cognitive factors influence activities and participation in different areas and stages of life.
PubMed, Psych INFO, ERIC, Scopus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for English language papers published in 2000-2018. A total of 92 papers were selected and quality was assessed according to the McMaster criteria. The results were presented related to body functions, activity and participation from the International Classification of Function and Health, ICF.
People with spina bifida tended to have a lower IQ than those without. The majority also had cognitive difficulties manifested in problems with language, perception, memory, executive and attentional functions. Those difficulties affected activity and participation in all life domains in ICF. This may affect medical adherence and responsibility and by extension the prevention of secondary complications.
It is important for caregivers, professionals and especially individuals with spina bifida themselves to understand and handle both physical and cognitive consequences in all life circumstances. Having insight into one's own assets and difficulties paves the way to managing life challenges, which could enhance health, self-management and participation in society.
本综述旨在总结有关脊髓裂患者认知特征的研究结果，并解释认知因素如何影响其在生命不同阶段和领域的活动和参与。
检索了 2000 年至 2018 年间发表的英文文献，包括 PubMed、Psych INFO、ERIC、Scopus、CINAHL 和 Cochrane Library。共选择了 92 篇论文，并根据麦克马斯特标准评估其质量。结果按照国际功能、残疾和健康分类（ICF）的身体功能、活动和参与呈现。
脊髓裂患者的智商通常低于正常人。他们中的大多数人也存在认知困难，表现为语言、感知、记忆、执行和注意力功能障碍。这些困难影响了 ICF 中所有生活领域的活动和参与。这可能会影响医疗依从性和责任感，从而影响预防继发性并发症。
对于护理人员、专业人员，尤其是脊髓裂患者本人来说，了解和应对所有生活环境中的身体和认知后果非常重要。了解自己的优势和困难为管理生活挑战铺平了道路，从而可以提高健康水平、自我管理能力和参与社会的能力。
