Jeon Hyeon-Ho, Baek Seung-Yun, Baek Seung-Min, Choi Jang-Young, Kim Yeon-Soo, Kim Wan-Soo, Kim Yong-Joo
Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Aug 24;24(17):5494. doi: 10.3390/s24175494.
As interest in eco-friendly work vehicles grows, research on the powertrains of eco-friendly tractors has increased, including research on the development of eco-friendly vehicles (tractors) using hydrogen fuel cell power packs and batteries. However, batteries require a long time to charge and have a short operating time due to their low energy efficiency compared with hydrogen fuel cell power packs. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the development of tractors using hydrogen fuel cell power packs; however, there is a lack of research on powertrain performance analysis considering actual working conditions. To evaluate vehicle performance, an actual load measurement during agricultural operation must be conducted. The objective of this study was to conduct an efficiency analysis of powertrains according to their power source using data measured during agricultural operations. A performance evaluation with respect to efficiency was performed through comparison and an analysis with internal combustion engine tractors of the same level. The specifications of the transmission for hydrogen fuel cell and engine tractors were used in this study. The power loss and efficiency of the transmission were calculated using ISO 14179-1 equations, as shown below. Plow tillage and rotary tillage operations were conducted for data measurement. The measurement system consists of four components. The engine data load measurement was calculated using the vehicle's controller area network (CAN) data, the axle load was measured using an axle torque meter and proximity sensors, and fuel consumption was measured using the sensor installed on the fuel line. The calculated capacities, considering the engine's fuel efficiency for plow and rotary tillage operations, were 131.2 and 175.1 kWh, respectively. The capacity of the required power, considering the powertrain's efficiency for hydrogen fuel cell tractors with respect to plow and rotary tillage operations, was calculated using the efficiency of the motor, inverter, and power pack, and 51.3 and 62.9 kWh were the values obtained, respectively. Considering these factors, the engine exhibited an efficiency of about 47.9% compared with the power pack in the case of plow tillage operations, and the engine exhibited an efficiency of about 29.3% in the case of rotary tillage operations. A hydrogen fuel cell tractor is considered suitable for high-efficiency and eco-friendly vehicles because it can operate on eco-friendly power sources while providing the advantages of a motor.
随着对环保型作业车辆兴趣的增加，对环保型拖拉机动力系统的研究也在增多，包括对使用氢燃料电池组和电池的环保型车辆（拖拉机）的开发研究。然而，与氢燃料电池组相比，电池充电时间长且由于能量效率低导致运行时间短。因此，最近的研究集中在使用氢燃料电池组的拖拉机开发上；然而，缺乏考虑实际工作条件的动力系统性能分析研究。为了评估车辆性能，必须在农业作业期间进行实际负载测量。本研究的目的是根据农业作业期间测量的数据，对不同动力源的动力系统进行效率分析。通过与同水平的内燃机拖拉机进行比较和分析，对效率进行了性能评估。本研究采用了氢燃料电池拖拉机和发动机拖拉机的变速器规格。变速器的功率损失和效率使用ISO 14179-1方程计算，如下所示。进行了犁耕和旋耕作业以进行数据测量。测量系统由四个部分组成。发动机数据负载测量使用车辆的控制器局域网（CAN）数据计算，轴负载使用轴扭矩计和接近传感器测量，燃油消耗使用安装在燃油管线上的传感器测量。考虑到发动机在犁耕和旋耕作业中的燃油效率，计算出的容量分别为131.2和175.1千瓦时。考虑到氢燃料电池拖拉机动力系统在犁耕和旋耕作业中的效率，所需功率的容量使用电动机、逆变器和电池组的效率进行计算，分别得到51.3和62.9千瓦时的值。考虑到这些因素，在犁耕作业中，与电池组相比，发动机的效率约为47.9%，在旋耕作业中，发动机的效率约为29.3%。氢燃料电池拖拉机被认为适合作为高效环保型车辆，因为它可以使用环保动力源运行，同时具备电动机的优势。
