Constructor University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany; Harvard University, Psychology Dept., 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA.
University of Poitiers, CeRCA - Bâtiment A5, 5, rue T. Lefebvre, TSA 21103, 86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2024 Dec;60:101882. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101882. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Ego depletion theory proposes that self-regulation depends on a limited energy resource (willpower). The simple initial theory has been refined to emphasize conservation rather than resource exhaustion, extended to encompass decision making, planning, and initiative, and linked to physical bodily energy (glucose). Recent challenges offered alternative explanations (which have largely failed) and questioned replicability (which has now been well established). Methods have improved, particularly with emphasis on longer, stronger manipulations to ensure fatigue. New work extends ego depletion into workplace settings and sports. Interpersonal conflict may be both a major cause and consequence. New questions include the possibility of chronic ego depletion (e.g., in burnout), protective factors and coping strategies, individual differences, and recovery processes.
自我损耗理论认为，自我调节依赖于一种有限的能量资源（意志力）。最初的简单理论已经得到了完善，强调的是能量的节约而非耗尽，扩展到包括决策、计划和主动性，并与身体的能量（葡萄糖）联系起来。最近的挑战提供了替代解释（这些解释在很大程度上已经失败），并质疑了可重复性（现在已经得到很好的确立）。方法得到了改进，特别是强调更长、更强的操作，以确保疲劳。新的研究将自我损耗扩展到工作场所和运动领域。人际冲突可能既是主要原因，也是结果。新的问题包括慢性自我损耗（例如，在倦怠中）的可能性、保护因素和应对策略、个体差异以及恢复过程。
