Ding Meili, Kang Yanfeng, Qin Man, Zhu Junxia
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
The First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology &National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2025 May;35(3):598-607. doi: 10.1111/ipd.13271. Epub 2024 Sep 15.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder with agenesis of ectodermal derivatives, causing oligodontia or anodontia. Dentures are needed to improve the patients' mastication.
This study aimed at preliminarily evaluating the masticatory function changes in Chinese individuals with HED after prosthetic rehabilitation from childhood to adolescence.
This longitudinal study enrolled 10 HED patients. Data were collected during childhood and adolescence, respectively. The healthy children and adolescents were recruited as the control group. The surface electromyography (EMG) of masseter (MM) and anterior temporalis (TA) muscles during clenching and chewing were recorded. The EMG activity, asymmetry index (As), activity index (Ac), and chewing cycle were analyzed. The masticatory efficiency was measured by spectrophotometry with subjective masticatory ability assessed by a questionnaire.
The EMG activities and masticatory efficiency of HED patients during childhood and adolescence were mostly lower with a higher As (p < .05). The chewing process enhanced the TA activity and balanced the As of HED adolescents (p > .05). The HED adolescents showed a more prevalent TA activity (p < .05).
The masticatory function of the growing HED patients was functionally inferior to the dentate individuals with a narrowed gap from childhood to adolescence.
少汗型外胚层发育不良（HED）是一种遗传性疾病，伴有外胚层衍生物发育不全，可导致少牙症或无牙症。需要佩戴假牙来改善患者的咀嚼功能。
本研究旨在初步评估中国HED患者从儿童期到青春期进行义齿修复后咀嚼功能的变化。
这项纵向研究纳入了10名HED患者。分别在儿童期和青春期收集数据。招募健康儿童和青少年作为对照组。记录咬肌（MM）和颞肌前束（TA）在紧咬和咀嚼过程中的表面肌电图（EMG）。分析EMG活动、不对称指数（As）、活动指数（Ac）和咀嚼周期。通过分光光度法测量咀嚼效率，并通过问卷评估主观咀嚼能力。
HED患者在儿童期和青春期的EMG活动和咀嚼效率大多较低，As较高（p < 0.05）。咀嚼过程增强了TA活动并平衡了HED青少年的As（p > 0.05）。HED青少年表现出更普遍的TA活动（p < 0.05）。
生长发育中的HED患者的咀嚼功能在功能上低于有牙个体，从儿童期到青春期差距缩小。
