Kuikman Megan A, Smith Ella, McKay Alannah K A, McCormick Rachel, Ackerman Kathryn E, Harris Rachel, Elliott-Sale Kirsty J, Stellingwerff Trent, Burke Louise M
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA.
Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Feb 1;57(2):285-295. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003555. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of acute diet and exercise manipulation on resting metabolic rate (RMR) measurement variability and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition estimates.
Ten male and 10 female endurance athletes (12 cyclists, 5 triathletes, 4 runners) of tier 2 ( n = 18) to tier 3 ( n = 2) caliber underwent five conditions using a Latin square counterbalance design. For 24 h, athletes consumed a diet providing excessive energy availability (EA) (75 kcal⋅kg fat-free mass (FFM) -1 ) without exercise (GEA rest ), high-EA (45 kcal⋅kg FFM -1 ) without (HEA rest ) or with exercise (HEA ex ), or low-EA (15 kcal⋅kg FFM -1 ) without (LEA rest ) or with exercise (LEA ex ). Exercise involved two bouts of cycling (morning bout: 149 ± 34 min at 55% of maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O 2max ); afternoon bout: 60 min at 65% of V̇O 2max ) that resulted in a cumulative exercise energy expenditure of 30 kcal⋅kg FFM -1 . The following day, RMR and DXA measurements occurred after a 10-h fast and 12-h postexercise.
There were neither sex differences in relative RMR ( P = 0.158) nor effects of any of the five conditions on RMR ( P = 0.358). For both male and female athletes, FFM estimates were decreased following the LEA rest (-0.84 ± 0.66 kg; P = 0.001) and LEA ex (-0.65 ± 0.86 kg; P = 0.016) conditions compared with the GEA rest condition and following the LEA rest (-0.73 ± 0.51 kg; P = 0.001) and LEA ex (-0.54 ± 0.79 kg; P = 0.024) conditions compared with the HEA ex condition. There was no effect of condition on fat mass estimates ( P = 0.819).
Acute periods of diet and exercise manipulation did not create artifacts in next-day RMR measurements. However, as changes in estimates of FFM were seen, diet and exercise should be controlled in the 24-h before DXA scans.
本研究的目的是调查急性饮食和运动干预对静息代谢率（RMR）测量变异性和双能X线吸收法（DXA）身体成分估计值的影响。
10名男性和10名女性耐力运动员（12名自行车运动员、5名铁人三项运动员、4名跑步运动员），水平为二级（n = 18）至三级（n = 2），采用拉丁方平衡设计进行了五种情况的测试。在24小时内，运动员分别处于以下饮食和运动条件：摄入提供过量能量供应（EA）（75千卡·千克去脂体重（FFM）-1）且不运动（GEA静息）、高EA（45千卡·千克FFM-1）且不运动（HEA静息）或运动（HEA运动）、低EA（15千卡·千克FFM-1）且不运动（LEA静息）或运动（LEA运动）。运动包括两轮骑行（上午一轮：在最大有氧能力（V̇O2max）的55%强度下骑行149±34分钟；下午一轮：在V̇O2max的65%强度下骑行60分钟），累计运动能量消耗为30千卡·千克FFM-1。第二天，在禁食10小时和运动后12小时进行RMR和DXA测量。
相对RMR不存在性别差异（P = 0.158），五种情况中的任何一种对RMR均无影响（P = 0.358）。对于男性和女性运动员，与GEA静息情况相比，LEA静息（-0.84±0.66千克；P = 0.001）和LEA运动（-0.65±0.86千克；P = 0.016）情况后FFM估计值降低；与HEA运动情况相比，LEA静息（-0.73±0.51千克；P = 0.001）和LEA运动（-0.54±0.79千克；P = 0.024）情况后FFM估计值也降低。情况对脂肪量估计值无影响（P = 0.819）。
急性饮食和运动干预期并未在次日RMR测量中产生假象。然而，由于观察到FFM估计值的变化，在DXA扫描前24小时应控制饮食和运动。
