Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Dimette, Egypt.
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1457:165-184. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61939-7_9.
In the wake of the novel Coronavirus, it has become imperative to develop vaccines that can alert our immune system to the virus, hence reducing the severity of disease if exposed to it. Different types of vaccines have been studied in this respect, such as nucleic acid vaccines (mRNA and DNA vaccines), vector-based vaccines, whole-virus vaccines (inactivated virus and live-attenuated vaccine), as well as protein subunits vaccines. The results have demonstrated that these vaccines are efficient against both the original strain and emerging variants. Furthermore, they also proved their safety with no grave adverse events. Despite this, hesitancy toward taking these vaccines is still present among certain groups in society due to various factors. Special emphasis has been placed on studies concerning pregnant women, children, elderly people, and immunocompromised individuals where efficacy and safety were proven.
在新型冠状病毒出现之后，开发能够使我们的免疫系统对该病毒产生预警的疫苗变得至关重要，从而降低如果接触该病毒时疾病的严重程度。在这方面已经研究了不同类型的疫苗，例如核酸疫苗（mRNA 和 DNA 疫苗）、基于载体的疫苗、全病毒疫苗（灭活病毒和减毒活疫苗）以及蛋白亚单位疫苗。结果表明，这些疫苗对原始株和新兴变体都有效。此外，它们还证明了自身的安全性，没有严重的不良事件。尽管如此，由于各种因素，社会中的某些群体对接种这些疫苗仍持犹豫不决的态度。特别强调了对孕妇、儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下者的研究，这些研究证明了其疗效和安全性。
