Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Ave, 4th Floor, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1457:237-246. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61939-7_13.
Imaging has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Depending on resources, pre-test probability, and risk factors for severe disease progression, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing may be followed by chest radiography (CXR) or chest computed tomography (CT) to further aid in diagnosis or excluding COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown not only to pathologically impact the pulmonary system, but also the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems to name a few. Imaging has again proven useful in further investigating and managing extrapulmonary disease, with the use of echocardiogram, CT angiography of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular structures, MRI of the brain, as well as ultrasound of the abdomen and CT of the abdomen and pelvis proving particularly useful. Research in artificial intelligence and its application in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and disease severity prediction is underway, and point-of-care ultrasound is an emerging bedside technique that may allow for more efficient and timely diagnosis of COVID-19.
影像学在 COVID-19 的诊断和管理中都发挥着至关重要的作用。根据资源、检测前的概率和疾病进展为重症的风险因素，实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测后可能会进行胸部 X 线摄影（CXR）或胸部计算机断层扫描（CT），以进一步辅助诊断或排除 COVID-19 疾病。SARS-CoV-2 不仅会对肺部系统造成病理性影响，还会对心血管、胃肠道和神经系统等系统造成影响。影像学在进一步调查和管理肺外疾病方面再次证明是有用的，使用超声心动图、心血管和脑血管结构的 CT 血管造影、脑 MRI 以及腹部超声和腹部及骨盆 CT 尤其有用。人工智能的研究及其在 COVID-19 诊断和疾病严重程度预测中的应用正在进行中，即时护理超声是一种新兴的床边技术，可能使 COVID-19 的诊断更加高效和及时。
