Faculty Saint-Jean and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 2024;239:117-139. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-62232-8_5.
The pancreatic β cells are at the hub of myriad signals to regulate the secretion of an adequate amount of insulin needed to re-establish postprandial euglycemia. The β cell possesses sophisticated metabolic enzymes and a variety of extracellular receptors and channels that amplify insulin secretion in response to autocrine, paracrine, and neurohormonal signals. Considerable research has been undertaken to decipher the mechanisms regulating insulin secretion. While the triggering pathway induced by glucose is needed to initiate the exocytosis process, multiple other stimuli modulate the insulin secretion response. This chapter will discuss the recent advances in understanding the role of the diverse glucose- and fatty acid-metabolic coupling factors in amplifying insulin secretion. It will also highlight the intracellular events linking the extracellular receptors and channels to insulin secretion amplification. Understanding these mechanisms provides new insights into learning more about the etiology of β-cell failure and paves the way for developing new therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes.
胰岛β细胞是调节餐后血糖恢复正常所需胰岛素分泌的众多信号的中心。β细胞具有复杂的代谢酶和各种细胞外受体和通道，可对外源、旁分泌和神经激素信号做出反应，从而放大胰岛素分泌。已经进行了大量研究来解析调节胰岛素分泌的机制。虽然葡萄糖诱导的触发途径对于启动胞吐过程是必需的，但还有多种其他刺激因素调节胰岛素分泌反应。本章将讨论在理解不同的葡萄糖和脂肪酸代谢偶联因子在放大胰岛素分泌中的作用方面的最新进展。它还将强调将细胞外受体和通道与胰岛素分泌放大联系起来的细胞内事件。了解这些机制为了解β细胞衰竭的病因提供了新的见解，并为开发 2 型糖尿病的新治疗策略铺平了道路。
