Li Kehan, Cooke Eric M, Zheng Yao
Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Criminal Justice Program, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2025 May;38(3):349-364. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2403437. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
Anxiety disorders are prevalent among youth and adults. Increasing studies examined the dynamic associations between momentary fluctuations of anxiety and well-being, primarily focusing on the severity of general anxiety. Scant research has explored the co-fluctuations between different anxiety symptoms and mental health outcomes.
The current study evaluated the multi-level factor structure and assessed the subclinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SP), and panic disorder (PD) in a sample of non-clinical young adults ( = 271, Mage = 18 years, 72% female, 68% non-White) who participated in a 30-day daily diary study.
Between persons, GAD, SP, and PD were positively correlated with depressive symptoms, stress, as well as emotional and peer problems. Within persons, both SP and PD were positively associated with stress, peer and emotional problems on the same day. Across days, there was positive reciprocal relation between PD and stress, whereas negative reciprocal link was observed between SP and emotional problems.
Current findings showed dynamic and distinct patterns in the associations between different anxiety symptoms and several mental health outcomes, which emphasizes the need to disentangle between- and within-person variation of anxiety symptoms with intensive longitudinal designs.
焦虑症在青少年和成年人中普遍存在。越来越多的研究考察了焦虑的瞬间波动与幸福感之间的动态关联，主要关注广泛性焦虑的严重程度。很少有研究探讨不同焦虑症状与心理健康结果之间的共同波动情况。
本研究评估了非临床青年成年人样本（n = 271，年龄中位数 = 18岁，72%为女性，68%为非白人）中广泛性焦虑症（GAD）、社交恐惧症（SP）和惊恐障碍（PD）的多层次因素结构，并评估了这些疾病的亚临床症状。这些参与者参加了一项为期30天的每日日记研究。
在个体之间，广泛性焦虑症、社交恐惧症和惊恐障碍与抑郁症状、压力以及情绪和同伴问题呈正相关。在个体内部，社交恐惧症和惊恐障碍在同一天都与压力、同伴和情绪问题呈正相关。在不同日期之间，惊恐障碍与压力之间存在正向互惠关系，而社交恐惧症与情绪问题之间存在负向互惠关系。
当前研究结果显示了不同焦虑症状与多种心理健康结果之间的动态且独特的模式，这强调了通过密集纵向设计来区分焦虑症状在个体间和个体内变化的必要性。
