School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Jiangbei District Disease Prevention and Control Centre, Chongqing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 16;24(1):2522. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19901-z.
Transgender women (TGWs) constitute one of the key populations for HIV prevention and control and constitute a high-risk group due to a lack of health services. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) related to HIV and knowledge access and needs amongst transgender women in Chongqing, China.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 128 self-identified TGWs were recruited in Chongqing, China, via snowball sampling, and a KAP-related questionnaire was completed via Questionnaire Star.
For the 128 TGWs surveyed effectively, the total knowledge of AIDS-related knowledge was 82.03%, with significant differences in age, education level, marital status, occupation and average monthly income (p < 0.05). Significant differences were obtained in terms of personal attitudes toward AIDS and place of domicile and literacy (p < 0.05) and subjective norms in terms of literacy (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of HIV-related practices. The corresponding values were assigned to knowledge, attitudes or practices. The total scores of the three aspects were 6.77 ± 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.89-9.65) (range: 0-8), 14.22 ± 2.37 (95% CI: 9.57-18.87) (range: 0-18) and 6.66 ± 1.79 (95% CI: 3.16-10.17) (range: 0-9), respectively. The main approaches for TGWs to acquire AIDS knowledge are 'Internet/smartphone' (81.68%), 'TV/radio' (49.62%) and 'special education on AIDS prevention in schools' (48.09%). TGW is more inclined to accept promotional activities such as 'WeChat push' (58.02%), 'peer education' (44.27%) and 'mobile app management' (37.40%). AIDS knowledge indicates that TGW needs to strengthen publicity, including 'transmission routes' (71.76%), 'voluntary counselling and testing knowledge' (67.94%) and 'virus-related knowledge' (64.89%).
First, the knowledge rate of AIDS amongst TGWs in Chongqing, China, still has room for improvement, and there is a gap between knowledge and behavior. Second, TGWs are tolerant of AIDS and people living with AIDS and have a strong awareness of AIDS prevention. Third, the health department should attach importance to the group of TGW over 35 years old, low-income, and low-educated, and promote social organizations and network platforms to further strengthen the health education and publicity of AIDS from the perspectives of knowledge acquisition and needs.
跨性别女性（TGW）是艾滋病毒预防和控制的重点人群之一，由于缺乏卫生服务，她们构成了一个高风险群体。本研究旨在调查中国重庆跨性别女性与艾滋病毒相关的知识、态度和实践（KAP）以及知识获取和需求。
这是一项 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 3 月进行的横断面研究。通过雪球抽样在中国重庆招募了 128 名自我认同的 TGW，并通过问卷星完成了与 KAP 相关的问卷。
对于有效调查的 128 名 TGW，艾滋病相关知识的总知晓率为 82.03%，年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、职业和平均月收入有显著差异（p<0.05）。在个人对艾滋病的态度和居住地以及文化程度方面存在显著差异（p<0.05），在文化程度方面的主观规范存在显著差异（p<0.05）。在与艾滋病毒相关的实践方面，各组之间没有观察到显著差异。相应的值被分配给知识、态度或实践。三个方面的总分分别为 6.77±1.47（95%置信区间[CI]：3.89-9.65）（范围：0-8），14.22±2.37（95% CI：9.57-18.87）（范围：0-18）和 6.66±1.79（95% CI：3.16-10.17）（范围：0-9）。跨性别女性获取艾滋病知识的主要途径是“互联网/智能手机”（81.68%）、“电视/广播”（49.62%）和“学校预防艾滋病专题教育”（48.09%）。跨性别女性更倾向于接受“微信推送”（58.02%）、“同伴教育”（44.27%）和“移动应用程序管理”（37.40%）等宣传推广活动。艾滋病知识表明，跨性别女性需要加强宣传，包括“传播途径”（71.76%）、“自愿咨询和检测知识”（67.94%）和“病毒相关知识”（64.89%）。
首先，中国重庆跨性别女性的艾滋病知识普及率仍有提升空间，知识与行为存在差距。其次，跨性别女性对艾滋病和艾滋病患者持宽容态度，具有较强的艾滋病预防意识。第三，卫生部门应重视 35 岁以上、低收入和低学历的跨性别女性群体，推动社会组织和网络平台从知识获取和需求的角度进一步加强艾滋病健康教育和宣传。
