Kano Hirohisa, Ebara Takeshi, Matsuki Taro, Tamada Hazuki, Yamada Yasuyuki, Kato Sayaka, Kaneko Kayo, Matsuzaki Kazuki, Sato Hirotaka, Minato Kyoko, Sugiura-Ogasawara Mayumi, Saitoh Shinji, Kamijima Michihiro
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-0001, Japan.
School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, 101 Tokodachi, Kaizu-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 470- 0393, Japan.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Sep 17;16(1):192. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00980-9.
Although involvement of toddlers in swimming activities has increased recently, information regarding the impact of swimming during toddlerhood on subsequent child motor competence development is scarce. This study aimed to determine how swimming experience, particularly the timing of initiation and the continuity of swimming activities up to the age of 3 years, affects motor competence development.
This prospective cohort study included data on children aged 1.5 and 3 years (100,286 mother-child pairs) from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. The outcomes measured were gross and fine motor function, using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (Third edition). We assessed how these functions correlated with the continuous pattern of swimming pool use frequency from age 1 up to 3 years.
The group that used a swimming pool once a month or more from age 1-1.5 years but stopped from age 2-3 years showed consistently significant negative associations with gross motor development delay (minimum adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.73) and fine motor development delay (minimum aOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58-0.76). The group that continued swimming once a month or more from age 1-3 years showed consistently significant negative associations with gross motor development delay (minimum aOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.75) and fine motor development delay (minimum aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.31-0.55).
These results suggest that swimming experience starting around age 1 year is positively associated with gross and fine motor function development. The beneficial impact on gross motor function persisted from age 1-3 years. In contrast, the effects on fine motor function were not evident until age ≥ 2.5 years after starting swimming at approximately age 1 year. These findings underscore the potential benefits of early swimming experiences in enhancing overall motor skills development during early childhood.
尽管幼儿参与游泳活动的情况近来有所增加，但关于幼儿期游泳对后续儿童运动能力发展的影响的信息却很匮乏。本研究旨在确定游泳经历，特别是开始游泳的时间以及到3岁时游泳活动的连续性，如何影响运动能力发展。
这项前瞻性队列研究纳入了来自日本环境与儿童研究中1.5岁和3岁儿童（100,286对母婴）的数据。使用日本版的《年龄与发育阶段问卷》（第三版）测量的结果是粗大和精细运动功能。我们评估了这些功能如何与从1岁到3岁游泳池使用频率的持续模式相关。
从1至1.5岁每月使用一次或更多次游泳池但从2至3岁停止使用的组，与粗大运动发育迟缓始终存在显著负相关（最小调整比值比[aOR]：0.66，95%置信区间[CI]：0.60 - 0.73）以及精细运动发育迟缓（最小aOR：0.66，95% CI：0.58 - 0.76）。从1至3岁持续每月使用一次或更多次游泳池的组，与粗大运动发育迟缓始终存在显著负相关（最小aOR：0.64，95% CI：0.54 - 0.75）以及精细运动发育迟缓（最小aOR：0.42，95% CI：0.31 - 0.55）。
这些结果表明，大约从1岁开始的游泳经历与粗大和精细运动功能发展呈正相关。对粗大运动功能的有益影响从1至3岁持续存在。相比之下，在大约1岁开始游泳后，对精细运动功能的影响直到年龄≥2.5岁才明显。这些发现强调了早期游泳经历在促进幼儿期整体运动技能发展方面的潜在益处。
