Almajid Hareth, Elnasieh Abdulrahman M, Alnamlah Alaa A
Family Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 17;16(8):e67086. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67086. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Background Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant effects on physical and mental health. This study aimed to document the prevalence of insomnia and its associated risk factors among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh using the Sleep Condition Indicator Questionnaire (SCIQ). Data were collected from 548 participants. The inclusion criteria encompassed adults aged 18 and above living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and sleep patterns was gathered through a translated eight-item SCIQ (score ≤16=insomnia). Statistical analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The findings revealed a significant prevalence of insomnia, affecting 219 individuals (40%). Insomnia was significantly associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, including difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, frequency of sleep disturbances, significant distress, and duration of sleep disturbances (p<0.001 for each). The highest prevalence of insomnia was observed in the 40-60-year age group (n=91, 45.7%, p=0.014), among smokers (n=27, 60%, p=0.0063), and among obese individuals (n=20, 54.1%, p=0.035). Additionally, insomnia was strongly associated with anxiety (n=49, 66.2%, p<0.001), depression (n=27, 54%, p=0.033), and hypertension (n=24, 58.5%, p=0.011). Conclusion This study highlighted the high prevalence of insomnia among adults in Riyadh, particularly among older adults, smokers, and those with chronic health conditions. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address insomnia and its associated risk factors. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and explore the impacts of lifestyle and genetic factors on insomnia.
失眠是一种常见的睡眠障碍，对身心健康有重大影响。本研究旨在记录沙特阿拉伯利雅得成年人中失眠的患病率及其相关危险因素。
在利雅得使用睡眠状况指标问卷（SCIQ）进行了一项横断面研究。从548名参与者收集数据。纳入标准包括居住在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的18岁及以上成年人。通过一份经翻译的八项SCIQ（得分≤16=失眠）收集社会人口学特征、病史和睡眠模式的信息。统计分析使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 27.0版（2020年发布；IBM公司，美国纽约州阿蒙克）进行描述性和推断性统计。
研究结果显示失眠患病率很高，影响了219人（40%）。失眠与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）标准显著相关，包括入睡或维持睡眠困难、睡眠干扰频率、显著痛苦和睡眠干扰持续时间（每项p<0.001）。在40-60岁年龄组（n=91，45.7%，p=0.014）、吸烟者（n=27，60%，p=0.0063）和肥胖个体（n=20，54.1%，p=0.035）中观察到失眠患病率最高。此外，失眠与焦虑（n=49，66.2%，p<0.001）、抑郁（n=27，54%，p=0.033）和高血压（n=24，58.5%，p=0.011）密切相关。
本研究突出了利雅得成年人中失眠的高患病率，尤其是在老年人、吸烟者和患有慢性健康状况的人群中。这些发现强调了针对失眠及其相关危险因素进行有针对性干预的必要性。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究，以建立因果关系，并探索生活方式和遗传因素对失眠的影响。
