Fan Jerry, Wahab Laith, Nguyen Vinh
Cardiology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, USA.
Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple, Temple, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 17;16(8):e67072. doi: 10.7759/cureus.67072. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Cocaine is a widely available illicit substance with a costly financial and social burden on the healthcare infrastructure. Both acute and chronic cocaine use can lead to sequelae of cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a powerful tool for detecting myocardial injury leading to prompt treatment and risk stratification. We present two differing cases of sequelae of myocardial injury as a result of cocaine use. We present critical findings on CMR imaging, including myocardial injury patterns, which can help differentiate between acute and chronic injury and assess the extent of damage. Cocaine exerts potent sympathomimetic effects, increasing myocardial oxygen demand and causing coronary vasospasm, thrombosis, and direct myocyte toxicity. Acute cocaine use significantly elevates the risk of myocardial infarction, while chronic use can lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. CMR features include wall motion abnormalities, myocardial perfusion defects, and fibrosis. Early identification and intervention can potentially reverse interstitial fibrosis before progression to irreversible damage. CMR is an essential diagnostic tool for characterizing myocardial injury, distinguishing between reversible and irreversible damage, and providing prognostic information on cocaine-induced myocardial injury. The cases highlight the importance of CMR in managing and understanding the full spectrum of cocaine-related cardiac damage.
可卡因是一种广泛可得的非法物质,给医疗保健基础设施带来了高昂的经济和社会负担。急性和慢性使用可卡因均可导致心脏疾病的后遗症,包括心肌梗死、主动脉夹层和心肌病。心脏磁共振(CMR)成像对于检测心肌损伤、促使及时治疗和进行风险分层是一种有力工具。我们呈现了两例因使用可卡因导致心肌损伤后遗症的不同病例。我们展示了CMR成像的关键发现,包括心肌损伤模式,这有助于区分急性和慢性损伤并评估损伤程度。可卡因具有强大的拟交感神经作用,增加心肌需氧量并导致冠状动脉痉挛、血栓形成和直接的心肌细胞毒性。急性使用可卡因会显著增加心肌梗死风险,而慢性使用可导致心肌病和心力衰竭。CMR特征包括室壁运动异常、心肌灌注缺损和纤维化。早期识别和干预有可能在进展为不可逆损伤之前逆转间质纤维化。CMR是用于表征心肌损伤、区分可逆性和不可逆性损伤以及提供可卡因所致心肌损伤预后信息的重要诊断工具。这些病例凸显了CMR在管理和理解可卡因相关心脏损伤全貌方面的重要性。