Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Campylobacter and Antimicrobial Resistance from a One Health Perspective/WOAH Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
mSystems. 2024 Oct 22;9(10):e0062624. doi: 10.1128/msystems.00626-24. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
In the global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance and reduce antimicrobial use in pig production, there is a continuous search for methods to prevent and/or treat infections. Within this scope, we explored the relationship between the developing piglet nasal microbiome and (zoonotic) bacterial pathogens from birth until 10 weeks of life. The nasal microbiome of 54 pigs was longitudinally studied over 16 timepoints on 9 farms in 3 European countries (Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands) using amplicon sequencing targeting the V3-V4 16S rRNA region as well as the gene for its staphylococcal discrimination power. The piglets' age, the farm, and the litter affected the nasal microbiome, with piglets' age explaining 19% of the variation in microbial composition between samples. Stabilization of the microbiome occurred around 2 weeks post-weaning. Notably, while opportunistic pathogens were ubiquitously present, they did not cause disease. The piglet nasal microbiome often carried species associated with gut, skin, or vagina, which suggests that contact with the vaginal and fecal microbiomes shapes the piglet nasal microbiome. We identified bacterial co-abundance groups of species that were present in the nasal microbiomes in all three countries over time. Anti-correlation between these species and known bacterial pathogens identified species that might be exploited for pathogen reduction. Further experimental evidence is required to confirm these findings. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the piglet nasal microbiome, the factors influencing it, and its longitudinal development, providing insights into its role in health and disease.
Our study on the nasal microbiota development in piglets across farms in three European countries found that the microbiomes developed similarly in all locations. Additionally, we observed that the colonization of porcine pathogens was either positively or negatively associated with the presence of other bacterial species. These findings enhance our knowledge of co-colonizing species in the nasal cavity and the identified microbial interactions that can be explored for the development of interventions to control pathogens in porcine husbandry.
在全球范围内努力对抗抗菌药物耐药性并减少猪生产中的抗菌药物使用的过程中，人们一直在寻找预防和/或治疗感染的方法。在这个范围内，我们探索了仔猪鼻腔微生物组与出生至 10 周龄期间（人畜共患病）细菌病原体之间的关系。使用针对 V3-V4 16S rRNA 区域以及其葡萄球菌鉴别能力基因的扩增子测序，对来自德国、爱尔兰和荷兰的 3 个欧洲国家的 9 个农场的 54 头仔猪进行了 16 个时间点的纵向研究。仔猪的年龄、农场和窝对鼻腔微生物组有影响，仔猪的年龄解释了样本间微生物组成差异的 19%。断奶后约 2 周，微生物组趋于稳定。值得注意的是，虽然机会性病原体普遍存在，但它们并未引起疾病。仔猪鼻腔微生物组通常携带与肠道、皮肤或阴道相关的物种，这表明与阴道和粪便微生物组的接触塑造了仔猪鼻腔微生物组。我们确定了随着时间的推移在所有三个国家的鼻腔微生物组中都存在的物种的细菌共丰度组。这些物种与已知的细菌病原体之间的反相关关系确定了可能用于减少病原体的物种。需要进一步的实验证据来证实这些发现。总的来说，本研究提高了我们对仔猪鼻腔微生物组、影响其的因素及其纵向发展的理解，为其在健康和疾病中的作用提供了新的认识。
我们在三个欧洲国家的农场中对仔猪鼻腔微生物组的发展进行的研究发现，所有地点的微生物组的发展都相似。此外，我们观察到猪病原体的定植与其他细菌物种的存在呈正相关或负相关。这些发现增强了我们对鼻腔腔室中共同定植物种的了解，以及确定的微生物相互作用，这些相互作用可以为开发干预措施来控制养猪业中的病原体提供依据。
