Gouran Mona, Brady Siobhan M
Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Plant Physiol. 2024 Dec 2;196(4):2150-2161. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiae425.
Plant roots navigate the soil ecosystem with each cell type uniquely responding to environmental stimuli. Below ground, the plant's response to its surroundings is orchestrated at the cellular level, including morphological and molecular adaptations that shape root system architecture as well as tissue and organ functionality. Our understanding of the transcriptional responses at cell type resolution has been profoundly enhanced by studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, both a comprehensive view of the transcriptional basis of these cellular responses to single and combinatorial environmental cues in diverse plant species remains elusive. In this review, we highlight the ability of root cell types to undergo specific anatomical or morphological changes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses or cues and how they collectively contribute to the plant's overall physiology. We further explore interconnections between stress and the temporal nature of developmental pathways and discuss examples of how this transcriptional reprogramming influences cell type identity and function. Finally, we highlight the power of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches to refine our understanding of how environmental factors fine tune root spatiotemporal development. These complex root system responses underscore the importance of spatiotemporal transcriptional mapping, with significant implications for enhanced agricultural resilience.
植物根系在土壤生态系统中生长，每种细胞类型对环境刺激都有独特的反应。在地下，植物对周围环境的反应是在细胞水平上协调进行的，包括形态和分子适应，这些适应塑造了根系结构以及组织和器官的功能。对模式植物拟南芥的研究极大地增进了我们对细胞类型分辨率下转录反应的理解。然而，对于不同植物物种中这些细胞对单一和组合环境线索的转录基础的全面认识仍然难以捉摸。在这篇综述中，我们强调了根细胞类型响应非生物和生物胁迫或线索而发生特定解剖或形态变化的能力，以及它们如何共同影响植物的整体生理。我们进一步探讨了胁迫与发育途径的时间性质之间的相互联系，并讨论了这种转录重编程如何影响细胞类型特性和功能的例子。最后，我们强调了单细胞和空间转录组学方法在完善我们对环境因素如何微调根时空发育的理解方面的作用。这些复杂的根系反应突出了时空转录图谱的重要性，对增强农业抗逆性具有重要意义。
