Olson Karl P, Marks Laurence D
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States of America.
Nano Lett. 2024 Oct 2;24(39):12299-12306. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03656. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
An enduring question in science has been why sliding plays a major role in the triboelectric generation of static electricity-the "tribo" in triboelectricity. We provide here a general explanation which is rooted in established science. When sliding is taking place, there is symmetry breaking due to elastic shear, so the front of the sliding body experiences different elastic strains from the back. Consequently the polarization and associated charges at the front and back are not the same, and the difference between the two leads to current flow similar to the difference in air pressure above and below a plane's wing leading to lift. Specific calculations are provided which show good agreement with prior experimental measurements of size and shape dependencies, and reasonable quantitative agreement with experimental current measurements.
科学领域一个长期存在的问题是，为什么滑动在摩擦起电（摩擦电中的“摩擦”）产生静电的过程中起主要作用。我们在此提供一个基于已确立科学理论的一般性解释。当发生滑动时，由于弹性剪切会出现对称性破缺，因此滑动体的前端与后端经历不同的弹性应变。结果，前端和后端的极化及相关电荷并不相同，两者之间的差异导致电流流动，这类似于飞机机翼上下方气压差异导致升力的情况。文中给出了具体计算，这些计算与先前关于尺寸和形状依赖性的实验测量结果吻合良好，并且与实验电流测量结果在定量上也具有合理的一致性。
