Bilateral femoral shaft fractures in osteomalacia: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

When two non-traumatic femoral shaft fractures happen at the same time, they are usually not caused by high-energy trauma or medical conditions like osteomalacia caused by poor nutrition, long-term bisphosphonate medication use, or steroid use. Because this phenomenon is connected to inadequate bone mineralization and bone metabolism, it occurs when a bone is consistently under high stress.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 40-year-old lady with a medical history of osteomalacia, including continuous vitamin D replacement therapy, showed up at the emergency room complaining of discomfort and swelling in her right thigh caused by a fall. During the emergency examination, X-rays showed a subtrochanteric fracture with a short oblique fracture line and a displaced oblique fracture in the right femoral shaft, but no fragmentation in the left femoral shaft. Osteomalacia caused the bilateral femoral shaft fracture in which the patient was identified as being displaced. We planned a surgical correction that included a closed reduction with intramedullary nailing and distal static screws on the right side, as well as intramedullary nailing followed by locking screw insertion on the left. Following the operation, the avoidance of bisphosphonate medications gained precedence.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Patients of any age who come with bone pain, non-traumatic fractures, and muscle weakness should have their blood vitamin D, ALP levels, and BMD evaluated for osteomalacia. If a conventional X-ray shows normal, an MRI or bone scan of both hips is recommended to rule out any underlying fatigue fractures. Finding and treating the underlying cause of osteomalacia can help improve the prediction.

CONCLUSION

Intramedullary nailing with screws is the most effective treatment for femoral shaft fractures. Improving patient outcomes relies on identifying and treating the underlying cause of osteomalacia. Given the patient's history and condition, avoiding bisphosphonate medicines following surgery was a primary priority in this case.