State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Shanghai Technology Center for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions, Shanghai 200235, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 5;480:135859. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135859. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
The characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in urban soils were comprehensively investigated, focusing on 224 typical industries undergoing redevelopment in Shanghai. The PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model was used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals, while the HRA (Health Risk Assessment) model with Monte Carlo simulation assessed health risks to humans. Health risks under different pollution sources were explored, and priority control factors were identified. Results showed that, levels of most heavy metals exceeded Shanghai soil background values. Surface soil concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni exceeded the background values of Shanghai's soil to varying degrees, at 5.08, 5.40, 1.81, 1.95, 1.43, and 3.53 times, respectively. Four sources were identified: natural sources (22.23 %), mixed sources from the chemical industry and traffic (26.25 %), metal product sources (36.38 %), and pollution sources from electrical manufacturing and the integrated circuit industry (15.14 %). The HRA model indicated a tolerable carcinogenic risk for adults and children, with negligible non-carcinogenic risk. Potential risk was higher for children than for adult females, and higher for adult females than for adult males, with oral ingestion as the primary exposure pathway. Metal product sources and Ni were identified as primary control factors, suggesting intensified regional control. This study provides theoretical support for urban pollution prevention and control.
对上海 224 个典型再开发工业用地土壤重金属污染特征及其生态风险进行了综合调查。采用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型解析土壤重金属来源，运用蒙特卡罗模拟的健康风险评估（HRA）模型评估重金属对人体健康的风险。探讨了不同污染源下的健康风险，并识别了优先控制因子。结果表明，大多数重金属含量超过上海市土壤背景值。表层土壤中 Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn 和 Ni 的浓度分别超过上海土壤背景值的 5.08、5.40、1.81、1.95、1.43 和 3.53 倍。识别出 4 种污染源：自然源（22.23%）、化工和交通混合源（26.25%）、金属制品源（36.38%）、电子制造和集成电路产业污染源（15.14%）。HRA 模型表明成人和儿童的致癌风险可接受，非致癌风险可忽略。儿童的潜在风险高于成年女性，成年女性高于成年男性，经口摄入是主要暴露途径。金属制品源和 Ni 被确定为主要控制因素，建议加强区域控制。本研究为城市污染防治提供了理论支持。
