Papadopoulos Ioannis, Golia Evangelia E, Kantzou Ourania-Despoina, Papadimou Sotiria G, Bourliva Anna
Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO Dimitra), 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Toxics. 2025 Jul 27;13(8):632. doi: 10.3390/toxics13080632.
This study investigates the heavy metal contamination in urban and peri-urban soils of Thessaloniki, Greece, over a two-year period (2023-2024). A total of 208 composite soil samples were systematically collected from 52 sites representing diverse land uses, including high-traffic roadsides, industrial zones, residential neighborhoods, parks, and mixed-use areas, with sampling conducted both after the wet (winter) and dry (summer) seasons. Soil physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, texture, organic matter, and calcium carbonate content) were analyzed alongside the concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. A pollution assessment employed the Geoaccumulation Index (I), Contamination Factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), revealing variable contamination levels across the city, with certain hotspots exhibiting a considerable to very high ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA and HCA) identified distinct anthropogenic and geogenic sources of heavy metals. Health risk assessments, based on USEPA models, evaluated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for both adults and children via ingestion and dermal contact pathways. The results indicate that while most sites present low to moderate health risks, specific locations, particularly near major transport and industrial areas, pose elevated risks, especially for children. The findings underscore the need for targeted monitoring and remediation strategies to mitigate the ecological and human health risks associated with urban soil pollution in Thessaloniki.
本研究调查了希腊塞萨洛尼基城市及周边土壤在两年期间（2023 - 2024年）的重金属污染情况。从52个代表不同土地利用类型的地点系统采集了总共208个土壤混合样本，这些地点包括交通繁忙的路边、工业区、居民区、公园和混合用途区域，在雨季（冬季）和旱季（夏季）之后均进行了采样。分析了土壤的理化性质（pH值、电导率、质地、有机质和碳酸钙含量）以及镉、钴、铬、铜、锰、镍、铅和锌等重金属的浓度。采用地积累指数（I）、污染因子（Cf）、污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（RI）进行污染评估，结果显示全市污染水平各异，某些热点地区呈现出相当高到极高的生态风险。多变量统计分析（主成分分析和层次聚类分析）确定了重金属的不同人为来源和地质来源。基于美国环境保护局模型的健康风险评估，通过摄入和皮肤接触途径评估了成人和儿童的非致癌和致癌风险。结果表明，虽然大多数地点的健康风险较低至中等，但特定地点，特别是靠近主要交通和工业区的地方，风险较高，尤其是对儿童而言。研究结果强调需要采取有针对性的监测和修复策略，以减轻与塞萨洛尼基城市土壤污染相关的生态和人类健康风险。
