Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1461:47-59. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-4584-5_4.
Temperature detection is essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. Thermoreceptors in the skin sense the body temperature and also the temperatures of the ambient air and the objects. In 1997, Dr. David Julius and his colleagues found that a receptor expressed in small-diameter primary sensory neurons was activated by capsaicin (the pungent chemical in hot pepper). This receptor was also activated by temperature above 42 °C. That was the first time that a thermal receptor in primary sensory neurons has been identified. This receptor is named transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Now, 11 thermosensitive TRP channels are known. In this chapter, we summarize the reports and analyze thermosensitive TRP channels in a variety of ways to clarify the activation mechanisms by which temperature changes are sensed.
温度检测对于任何物种的生存和延续都是至关重要的。皮肤中的热敏感受器既能感知体温，也能感知环境空气和物体的温度。1997 年，大卫·朱利叶斯博士（David Julius）和他的同事们发现，一种在小直径初级感觉神经元中表达的受体，能被辣椒素（辣椒中的刺激性化学物质）激活。该受体也能被 42°C 以上的温度激活。这是首次在初级感觉神经元中发现热受体。这种受体被命名为瞬时受体电位香草酸 1 型（TRPV1）。现在，已经发现了 11 种热敏 TRP 通道。在本章中，我们总结了相关报告，并以多种方式分析了热敏 TRP 通道，以阐明温度变化被感知的激活机制。
