Susca Tiziana, Iaria Jacopo, Zanghirella Fabio
ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 17;14(1):21675. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67567-9.
Urban heat islands can jeopardize urban inhabitants, but the installation of green roofs (GRs) and walls (GWs) can contribute to mitigating urban overheating. The present study provides novel indices to easily predict the spatial median variation in air temperature at pedestrian heights related to the application of GR- and GW-based scenarios during the hottest hours of a typical summer day by varying the building height (BH), coverage percentage, and leaf area index. The indices are meant to be applied to built areas with 0.3-0.4 urban density in the Mediterranean climate and are derived from regression models fed with the outputs of 281 simulations of three urban areas developed and run in ENVI-met software. The developed models are all highly significant. The GR model shows that mitigation is influenced by all three parameters, and it can estimate mitigation with a root mean square error of 0.05 °C. Compared with the other parameters, the GW models revealed that the BH did not influence the decrease in air temperature. The green façade and living wall (LW) indices predict mitigation with errors of 0.04 °C and 0.05 °C, respectively. However, for the LW model, further parameters should be considered to improve its reliability.
城市热岛效应会危及城市居民，但安装绿色屋顶（GRs）和绿色墙壁（GWs）有助于缓解城市过热问题。本研究提供了新的指标，通过改变建筑高度（BH）、覆盖率和叶面积指数，能够轻松预测在典型夏日最热时段，与基于绿色屋顶和绿色墙壁的场景应用相关的行人高度处空气温度的空间中位数变化。这些指标旨在应用于地中海气候下城市密度为0.3 - 0.4的建成区，它们源自回归模型，这些模型由在ENVI-met软件中开发并运行的三个城市区域的281次模拟输出数据提供支持。所开发的模型均具有高度显著性。绿色屋顶模型表明，缓解效果受所有三个参数的影响，并且它能够以0.05°C的均方根误差估计缓解效果。与其他参数相比，绿色墙壁模型显示建筑高度对气温下降没有影响。绿色立面和生物墙（LW）指标分别以0.04°C和0.05°C的误差预测缓解效果。然而，对于生物墙模型，应考虑进一步的参数以提高其可靠性。
