Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2024 Sep;23(5):e70017. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70017.
Petrochemical solvents are widely used for the extraction and fractionation of biomolecules from edible oils and fats at an industrial scale. However, owing to its safety concerns, toxicity, price fluctuations, and sustainability, alternative solvents and technologies have been actively explored in recent years. Technologies, such as ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, supercritical fluid fractionation, and sub-critical water extraction, and solvents, like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents, are reported for extraction and fractionation of biomolecules. Among them, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation are some of the most promising green technologies with the potential to replace petrochemical-based conventional techniques. The addition of cosolvents, such as water, ethanol, and acetone, improves the extraction of amphiphilic and polar compounds from edible oils and fats. Supercritical fluid processing has diverse applications, including concentration of solutes, selective separation of desired molecules, and separation of undesirable compounds from the feed material. Temperature, pressure, particle size, porosity, flow rate, solvent-to-feed ratio, density, viscosity, diffusivity, solubility, partition coefficient, and separation factor are the fundamental factors governing the extraction and fractionation of desired biomolecules from lipids. Supercritical fluids stand alone compared to conventional fluids, because of their tunable solvent properties. Overall, it is to be noted that supercritical fluid-based methods have lots of scope to replace conventional solvent-based methods and progress toward the creation of sustainable food-processing techniques. This review critically evaluates the parameters responsible for the extraction and fractionation of biomolecules from edible oils and fats under supercritical conditions.
石化溶剂广泛应用于从食用油脂中提取和分离生物分子的工业规模。然而，由于其安全性问题、毒性、价格波动和可持续性，近年来人们积极探索替代溶剂和技术。近年来，人们积极探索替代溶剂和技术，如超声和微波辅助提取、超临界二氧化碳提取、超临界流体分馏和亚临界水提取，以及离子液体和深共晶溶剂等溶剂，用于生物分子的提取和分离。其中，超临界二氧化碳提取和分馏是最有前途的绿色技术之一，具有替代基于石化的传统技术的潜力。添加共溶剂，如水、乙醇和丙酮，可提高从食用油脂中提取两性和极性化合物的效率。超临界流体处理有多种应用，包括溶质浓缩、所需分子的选择性分离以及从进料中分离不需要的化合物。温度、压力、粒径、孔隙率、流速、溶剂与进料的比例、密度、粘度、扩散系数、溶解度、分配系数和分离因子是从脂质中提取和分离所需生物分子的基本因素。与常规流体相比，超临界流体具有可调节的溶剂性质，因此具有独特的优势。总的来说，值得注意的是，基于超临界流体的方法具有很大的潜力来替代传统的基于溶剂的方法，并朝着创造可持续的食品加工技术的方向发展。本文批判性地评估了在超临界条件下从食用油脂中提取和分离生物分子的参数。
