Opoka Anna, Pruszkowska-Przybylska Paulina, Żądzińska Elżbieta
Department of Anthropology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Lodz, Poland.
Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Anthropol Anz. 2025 Feb 11;82(1):39-49. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2024/1775.
The purpose of the study was to select factors which importantly influencing the decision of breastfeeding in the first period of life over twenty years in the three cohorts in central Poland. The analysis included 2159 children (1017 girls and 1142 boys). The data come from three cohorts investigated in the following years: 1993-1997, 2004-2008 and 2015-2017. In each cohort, parents completed questionnaires on the type of nutrition in the first months of life (breastfeeding versus formula feeding), child-birth parameters, duration of pregnancy, age and education of parents, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Information about birth parameters, i.e., birth weight, birth length, birth head and chest circumference, gestational age (week of pregnancy) and Apgar score were taken from children's medical records. The Chi test, U-Mann Whitney test and logistic regression were performed to check which factors significantly affected mother decision of breastfeeding. We observed differences between factors which favor breastfeeding among three investigated cohorts. The factors significantly associated with breastfeeding only in cohort 1993-1997 were: birth parameters (higher birth length, higher body mass and higher chest circumference) and lower prevalence of exposition to cigarettes smoke during pregnancy. However, independently on tested cohort the logistic regression model indicated that the following factors correlated with the lack of breastfeeding: lower gestational age (E = -0.1663, = 0.0182), higher maternal age (E = 0.1326, < 0.0001), lower paternal age (E = -0.0526, = 0.0345), secondary paternal education (E = 0.5138, = 0.0024) vs. higher, lower maternal education (E = 0.7577, = 0.0003) vs. higher, other season of birth than summer (E = -0.3650, = 0.0439). Factors influencing the mother's decision to breastfeed independently on tested cohort were as a following: parental education and parental age, season of birth and duration of pregnancy.
该研究的目的是在波兰中部的三个队列中，挑选出对二十多年来生命最初阶段母乳喂养决策有重要影响的因素。分析纳入了2159名儿童（1017名女孩和1142名男孩）。数据来自在以下年份调查的三个队列：1993 - 1997年、2004 - 2008年和2015 - 2017年。在每个队列中，父母完成了关于生命最初几个月营养类型（母乳喂养与配方奶喂养）、分娩参数、孕期时长、父母年龄和教育程度以及孕期母亲吸烟情况的问卷调查。关于出生参数的信息，即出生体重、出生身长、出生时头围和胸围、孕周（怀孕周数）和阿氏评分，取自儿童的病历。进行卡方检验、曼 - 惠特尼U检验和逻辑回归分析，以检查哪些因素显著影响母亲的母乳喂养决策。我们观察到在三个被调查队列中有利于母乳喂养的因素之间存在差异。仅在1993 - 1997年队列中与母乳喂养显著相关的因素有：出生参数（较高的出生身长、较高的体重和较高的胸围）以及孕期接触香烟烟雾的患病率较低。然而，无论所测试的队列如何，逻辑回归模型表明以下因素与未进行母乳喂养相关：较低的孕周（E = -0.1663，P = 0.0182）、较高的母亲年龄（E = 0.1326，P < 0.0001）、较低的父亲年龄（E = -0.0526，P = 0.0345）、父亲中等教育程度（E = 0.5138，P = 0.0024）对比更高学历、母亲较低教育程度（E = 0.7577，P = 0.0003）对比更高学历、出生季节不是夏季（E = -0.3650，P = 0.0439）。无论所测试的队列如何，影响母亲母乳喂养决策的因素如下：父母教育程度、父母年龄、出生季节和孕期时长。
