Yabani Daniel Sitsofe, Ofosu Isaac Williams, Ankar-Brewoo Gloria Mathanda, Lutterodt Herman Erick
New Products Development Unit, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana.
Food Systems Chemistry, Toxicology, and Risks Studies, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Environ Health Insights. 2024 Sep 10;18:11786302241277628. doi: 10.1177/11786302241277628. eCollection 2024.
This study evaluated the health implications and oncological impact of consuming glycidyl esters (GE) and 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol esters (3-MCPDE) in selected Asian and European populations. Data on dietary GE and 3-MCPDE were compiled from 10 studies conducted in China, Taiwan, Poland, and Spain, identified through a systematic search in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases from 2012 to 2022. Studies on food supplements and analytical methods were excluded from the analysis. Health metrics for these nations, spanning 2015 to 2019, were sourced from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, among others. A Monte Carlo Simulation was employed for data analysis. The results showed that "grains and grain products" was the most consumed food category (260.45-395.35 g/day), whereas "food for infants and children" was the least consumed (0.01-0.09 g/day). Additionally, "fats from animal or plant origin" had the highest contamination levels. While 3-MCPDE exposures remained within safe limits, median GE exposure correlated with an incidence of colon cancer ranging from 3.66 × 10 to 0.744%, lung cancer from 0.00256 to 0.287%, and breast cancer from 0.0262 to 2.42% within the study areas. This translated to a total cancer burden of 6.69 to 1020 Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) per 100 000 individuals. The population in China recorded the highest DALY rate (1,020), followed by Spain (30.2), Poland (19.7), and Taiwan (6.69). Projections suggest an uptick in GE-related cancer cases and associated burdens in the coming decades attributed to demographic shifts, ageing populations, and dietary changes. The study underscores the urgency of mitigating GE and 3-MCPDE food contamination, bolstering public health awareness, and establishing safety guidelines.
本研究评估了特定亚洲和欧洲人群食用缩水甘油酯（GE）和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯（3-MCPDE）对健康的影响以及对肿瘤学的影响。通过对2012年至2022年期间在PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库中进行系统检索，从中国、台湾、波兰和西班牙开展的10项研究中收集了关于膳食GE和3-MCPDE的数据。分析中排除了关于食品补充剂和分析方法的研究。这些国家2015年至2019年的健康指标来自健康指标与评估研究所等机构。采用蒙特卡洛模拟进行数据分析。结果显示，“谷物及谷物制品”是消费量最高的食品类别（260.45 - 395.35克/天），而“婴幼儿食品”消费量最少（0.01 - 0.09克/天）。此外，“动植物来源的脂肪”污染水平最高。虽然3-MCPDE的暴露量仍在安全范围内，但在研究区域内，GE暴露中位数与结肠癌发病率的相关性在3.66×10至0.744%之间，与肺癌发病率的相关性在0.00256至0.287%之间，与乳腺癌发病率的相关性在0.0262至2.42%之间。这意味着每10万人的癌症总负担为6.69至1020伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。中国人群的DALY率最高（1020），其次是西班牙（30.2）、波兰（19.7）和台湾（6.69）。预测表明，由于人口结构变化、人口老龄化和饮食变化，未来几十年与GE相关的癌症病例及相关负担将会增加。该研究强调了减轻GE和3-MCPDE食品污染、提高公众健康意识以及制定安全指南的紧迫性。
