A case report of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and incentive spirometry-guided breathing pattern alteration for a severely tachypnoeic kyphoscoliotic patient undergoing major thoracic surgery for suspected lung malignancy.

A case report of a severely dyspnoeic kyphoscoliotic patient intended for an elective major thoracic surgery for suspected lung malignancy. With baseline near maximal breathing frequency and shallow breaths and poor lung mechanics, the first encountered anaesthetist considered this patient too high risk for lobectomy. This case illustrated the application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to provide an objective assessment of the patient's functional capacity, ventilatory efficiency and delineation of modifiable respiratory components that guide the formulation of individualized prehabilitation programme. It also depicted the perioperative role of an off-label use of incentive spirometry in providing visual feedbacks and led to subsequent assessment breathing pattern alternation. Patient underwent the lung resection uneventfully and returned to normal lifestyle on postoperative day 4.