Díaz Cuesta José Francisco, Concheiro Guisán Ana
Departamento de Periodismo y Nuevos Medios. Facultad de Ciencias de la Información. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Madrid. España.
Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patológica, Ginecología y Obstetricia, y Pediatría. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC). Santiago de Compostela. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2024 Sep 18;98:e202409051.
Since COVID-19 pandemic, screen time (ST) seems to have increased among children and young people. There is controversy about its impact in the physical and mental well-being of children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible influence of excessive ST on child health through a systematic review of the literature.
Systematic review was done by two independent reviewers. We analysed the medical literature (MEDLINE data base) from 2017 to 2022. Data related to the effects of ST on children´s health were analysed along with strategies that can mitigate those effects.
The search identified 3,151 articles, 37 finally selected as they fulfilled the demanded methodological quality criteria. Negative effects on children's health such as obesity, linked to a sedentary lifestyle, sleep disorders or anxiety problems in adolescents were detected. However, a better development of language or memory functioning, when interactive media were used, have also been described. Educational measures have proven useful in controlling exposure time and reducing exposure-related negative effects.
Although high levels of ST could affect children`s health, we have recorded some positive effects that are enhanced when parents get involved in TV watching (co-viewing). Exposure time should be customized according to every child's lifestyle.
自新冠疫情以来，儿童和青少年的屏幕使用时间（ST）似乎有所增加。其对儿童身心健康的影响存在争议。本研究的目的是通过对文献的系统综述，分析过多屏幕使用时间对儿童健康的可能影响。
由两名独立评审员进行系统综述。我们分析了2017年至2022年的医学文献（MEDLINE数据库）。分析了与屏幕使用时间对儿童健康影响相关的数据以及可减轻这些影响的策略。
检索到3151篇文章，最终筛选出37篇符合所需方法学质量标准的文章。检测到对儿童健康的负面影响，如与久坐不动生活方式相关的肥胖、青少年睡眠障碍或焦虑问题。然而，也有研究描述了在使用交互式媒体时，语言或记忆功能会有更好的发展。教育措施已被证明有助于控制接触时间并减少与接触相关的负面影响。
尽管长时间的屏幕使用时间可能会影响儿童健康，但我们记录到一些积极影响，当父母参与看电视（共同观看）时这些积极影响会增强。应根据每个孩子的生活方式定制接触时间。
